Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson Chapter 7

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   Define the key words.  List and describe the four parts of an intraoral film.  Describe latent image formation.  List and describe the four parts of an intraoral film packet.  Differentiate between the tube side and the back side of an intraoral film packet. Objectives

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   Identify the intraoral film speeds currently available for dental radiographs.  Match the intraoral film size with customary usage.  Match the type of intraoral projection with radiographic need.  Explain the difference between intraoral and extraoral film. Objectives

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   List typical extraoral film sizes.  Compare and contrast duplicating film with radiographic film.  List the seven conditions that fog stored film. Objectives

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   Because radiation’s interaction with film is what allows for the use of x-rays in preventive oral health care, the dental assistant and dental hygienist should possess a working knowledge of how radiographic film records an image. Introduction

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   Determining how film can best be used to provide the most diagnostic information while exposing the patient to the least amount of radiation possible is key to radiation safety. Introduction

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   The dental assistant and dental hygienist need to make appropriate decisions regarding film use and handling. Introduction

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  Schematic cross-section drawing of dental x-ray film. The rigid but flexible film base is coated on both sides with an emulsion consisting of silver halide (bromide and iodide) crystals embedded in gelatin. Each emulsion layer is attached to the base by a thin layer of adhesive. The emulsion layers are covered by a supercoating of gelatin to protect the emulsion from scratching and handling.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   Film base  Adhesive  Emulsion  Protective layer Composition of Dental X-ray Film

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   During radiation exposure, the x-rays strike and ionize some, but not all, of the silver halide crystals, resulting in the formation of a latent (invisible) image. Latent Image Formation

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   Intraoral  Extraoral  Duplicating Types of Dental X-ray Film

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   Intraoral  Film packet  Packaging  Film emulsion speeds (sensitivity)  Film size  Types of projections Types of Dental X-ray Film

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  Figure 7-2 Intraoral film packets showing the front or tube side (white, unprinted side of the film packet) (top) and the back side (color-coded side) of the film packet (bottom).

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  Figure 7-3 Back of an open film packet. ( 1 ) Moisture-resistant outer wrap. ( 2 ) Black paper. ( 3 ) Film. ( 4 ) Lead foil backing.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  Figure 7-4 Cross-section of a film packet.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  Table 7-1 Kodak Film Packet Color Codes

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  Figure 7-5 Intraoral film sizes.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  Figure 7-6 Bitewing radiograph.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  Figure 7-7 Periapical radiograph.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   Extraoral film  Packaging  Film size Types of Dental X-ray Film

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  Figure 7-8 Extraoral film packages. 5 x 12-in. (13 x 30 cm), 6 x 12-in (15 x 30 cm) and 8 x 10 in. (20 x 26 cm) size extraoral film packages. (Used with permission of Eastman Kodak Company.)

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   Duplicating film — exposed by the action of infrared and ultraviolet light rather than by x-rays.  Only one side of the duplicating film is coated with emulsion. The emulsion side appears dull and lighter under safe light conditions in the darkroom where it is used. The nonemulsion side is shiny and appears darker under safe light conditions. Types of Dental X-ray Film

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   Radiograph film is extremely sensitive to:  Radiation  Light  Heat and humidity  Chemical fumes  Physical pressure Film Storage and Protection

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  Figure 7-9 Extraoral film packages. Film package showing expiration date.

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   X-ray film serves as a radiographic image receptor.  The film used in dental radiography is photographic film that has been especially adapted in size, emulsion, film speed, and packaging for dental uses. Review: Chapter Summary

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   During radiation exposure, the x-rays strike and ionize some of the silver halide crystals, forming a latent image. The image does not become visible until the film is processed.  Care must be exercised in storing and in handling the film before, during, and after exposure. Review: Chapter Summary

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   General  Chapter Review Recall: Study Questions

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   Use what you learned in this chapter about the sizes and types of projections to make a preliminary recommendation and/or to explain to the patient why the dentist has prescribed: (1) the type of projection; (2) the size of the film; and/or (3) the number of films to use for each of the following three cases. Reflect: Case Study

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  1.An adult patient with suspected carious lesions on the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth. Additionally, this patient is considered to have a periodontal condition for which he is under maintenance treatment. a.The recommended type of projection will most likely be: b.The size of the film(s) will most likely be: c.The number of films to be exposed will most likely be: Reflect: Case Study

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  2.An adult patient with a toothache in the area of the maxillary right molar. a.The recommended type of projection will most likely be: b.The size of film(s) will most likely be: c.The number of films to be exposed will most likely be: Reflect: Case Study

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson  3.An 8-year-old patient who, while skateboarding, seems to have suffered a traumatic injury to the anterior teeth. a.The recommended type of projection will most likely be: b.The size of film(s) will most likely be: c.The number of films to be exposed will most likely be: Reflect: Case Study

Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth Edition Evelyn M. Thomson Orlen N. Johnson   Proceed to Chapter 7, Laboratory Application, to complete this activity Relate: Laboratory Application