Classification Vocabulary 1. Taxonomy 2. Binomial nomenclature 3. Genus 4. Carl Linnaeus 5. Cladogram Q3 WK6 D1

Classification Introduction: Part A: Animal Grouping Part B: Grouping the list of organisms On a separate sheet of paper complete PART A on the front & PART B on the back *Make sure your name is on it!!!*** copyright cmassengale 2 Q3 WK8 D1

Wednesday/Thursday 2/25-2/26/2015 Agenda: Classifications  Notes: Classifications  Activity: Classifications Folda ble  Activity: Envelope Activity Homework/Class Work:  Envelope Activity due Friday 2/27/2015 for 30 Points

4 Classification copyright cmassengale

Classification video copyright cmassengale 5

6 There are 13 billion known species of organismsThere are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!!This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! New organisms are still being found and identifiedNew organisms are still being found and identified Species of Organisms copyright cmassengale

7 What is Classification? Classification: is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities Classification is also known as taxonomy Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms copyright cmassengale

8 Benefits of Classifying Accurately & uniformly names organismsAccurately & uniformly names organisms Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fishPrevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all namesUses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names Sea”horse”?? copyright cmassengale

9 Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names copyright cmassengale

10 Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists copyright cmassengale

11 Early Taxonomists 2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist.2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist. Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals He subdivided them by their habitat (land, sea, or air dwellers)He subdivided them by their habitat (land, sea, or air dwellers) copyright cmassengale

12 Early Taxonomists John Ray, a botanist, was the first to use Latin for namingJohn Ray, a botanist, was the first to use Latin for naming His names were very long descriptions telling everything about the plantHis names were very long descriptions telling everything about the plant copyright cmassengale

13 Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – th century taxonomist Classified organisms by their morphology (form & structure) Developed naming system still used today copyright cmassengale

14 Carolus Linnaeus Called the “Father of Taxonomy”Called the “Father of Taxonomy” Developed the modern system of naming organisms: known as binomial nomenclatureDeveloped the modern system of naming organisms: known as binomial nomenclature Two-word name (Genus & species)Two-word name (Genus & species) copyright cmassengale

15 Rules of Standardized Naming Binomial nomenclature usedBinomial nomenclature used Genus speciesGenus species Latin or GreekLatin or Greek Italicized in printItalicized in print Capitalize genus, but NOT speciesCapitalize genus, but NOT species Underline when writingUnderline when writing Turdus migratorius American Robin copyright cmassengale

Binomial nomenclature example: copyright cmassengale 16 Ex. Felix domesticus (genus, species) -or- Ex. Homo sapiens

17 Binomial Nomenclature Which TWO are more closely related? copyright cmassengale

18 Classification Groups Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placedTaxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specificThere is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, speciesDomain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species copyright cmassengale

19 Domain Kingdom Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species BROADEST TAXON Most Specific copyright cmassengale Linnaean System of Classification