Islam

History of Islam Islam started in the Arabian peninsula, (what is today, Saudi Arabia.)

Life in the Arabian Peninsula People lived in tribes Tribes were patriarchal : men were in charge, women veiled & segregated Caravan Culture – traveled in groups across the desert

Mecca a major city Pilgrimage (trip) to Mecca important for all tribes. Mecca a place for trade of goods Life in the Arabian Peninsula

Violent, warrior states with vendetta culture – someone hurts you, you hurt them back desert warfare - kill enemies, show no mercy

The Prophet Muhammed Founder of Islam Was an orphan raised by his uncle His uncle was a caravan trader, near Mecca.

Muhammed At the age of 40 the Angel Gabriel appeared to Muhammed Gabriel told Muhammed the word of God Muhammed shared what he was told

The (Qur’an) Followers recorded Mohammed’s teachings in the Qu’ran Muslims believe the Qu’ran is the direct word of God (Allah) It took 23 years to collect all the verses.

Muslim Beliefs: The Five Pillars

The Five Pillars of Islam 1) Shahadah: Declaration of Faith There is no god but Allah, and Mohammed is His Prophet.

The Five Pillars of Islam 2) Salah: Prayer 5 times each day (facing Mecca)

The Five Pillars of Islam 3) Sawm: Fasting during the month of Ramadan Abstaining from drinking, eating, smoking, sexual intercourse and other worldly pleasures…

The Five Pillars of Islam 4) Zakah: Giving alms (donations) to charity

The Five Pillars of Islam 5) Hajj: The pilgrimage to Mecca Hajj at least once in your life if you are physically and financially able.

Ka’aba He preached in the Ka’aba (square, stone structure in Great Mosque). The Ka’aba is in Mecca. Muslims circle the Ka’aba 7 times in a clockwise motion during the Hajj.

Once upon a time…. According to the Torah (Hebrew religious text), God made a covenant (promise) with Abraham. God promised Abraham’s descendants Canaan. God promised Abraham a child ("the child of promise," Genesis 15).

Ishmael Abraham (99 years old) and his wife Sarah (86 years old) was unable to have children. Abraham to have a child with Hagar, Sarah’s maidservant. Abraham and Hagar had a son and named him Ishmael (Genesis 16).

Quraiysh Qussaiy Abdmanaf AbdshamsHashem (Amneh+) Abdallah Abutalib Hamzeh Alabbas Abulahab Alhareth ( )( ) Muhammad Ali Adbelmuttalib Ummayah Dynasty Abbbassides Dynasty Abraham Ismail Adnan Guess who is a descendant of Ishmael? Incomplete list - several generations not listed.

Isaac Sarah and Abraham then had a son and named him Isaac. "And Abraham called the name of his son who was born to him-whom Sarah bore to him-Isaac." (Genesis 21:1-3)

Incomplete list - several generations not listed. Guess who is a descendant of Isaac?

Claims on the promised land Muslims believe that God’s promised land of Canaan (Palestine) were meant for Ishmael's descendants. (Sura 19:54; compare Sura 37: with Genesis 22:1-19) Jews believe God promised the land of Canaan (Palestine) to Isaac's descendants. (Genesis 12:4-7; 13:12-18; 15:1-21; 17:1-22; 21:1-14; 25:19-26; 26:1-6; 35:9-12).

Conflict in the Middle East