Chapter 2 Origins of American Government

Chapter 2 Section 1 Our Political Beginnings Objective I: Identify the three basic concepts of government that influenced government in the English colonies.

I. Identify the three basic concepts of government that influenced government in the English colonies. A. Ordered Government B. Limited Government C. Representative Government

Chapter 2 Section 1 Our Political Beginnings Objective II: Explain the significance of the following landmark English documents.

II. Explain the significance of the following landmark English documents. A. Magna Carta – 1) King John, Runnymede – 2) Life, liberty, property – 3) Trial by jury, due process – 4) Monarchy not absolute

II. Explain the significance of the following landmark English documents. B. Petition of Right – 1) Introduced by Parliament – 2) Limited the King’s Power a) no imprisonment without trial by jury b) could not impose martial law c) no sheltering of troops d) no tax without Parliament consent

II. Explain the significance of the following landmark English documents. C. English Bill of Rights – 1) Prevent future abuse of power – 2) Prohibited a) standing army in peacetime b) unfair trials c) excessive bail d) cruel and unusual punishment

Chapter 2 Section 1 Our Political Beginnings Objective III: Describe the three types of colonies that the English established in North America.

III. Describe the three types of colonies that the English established in North America. A. Reasons for the colonies – 1) refugee from England’s laws – 2) personal and religious freedom – 3) commercial ventures B. Charter

III. Describe the three types of colonies that the English established in North America. C. Royal Colonies – 1) King named a governor and council – 2) Tax and spend – 3) Bicameral – two house legislature

III. Describe the three types of colonies that the English established in North America. D. Proprietary Colonies – 1) Proprietor – 2) Unicameral – one house legislature – 3) Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware

III. Describe the three types of colonies that the English established in North America. E. Charter Colonies – 1) Bicameral – 2) Very liberal – 3) Connecticut and Rhode Island

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Chapter 2 Section 2 The Coming of Independence Objective I: Explain how Britain’s colonial policies contributed to the growth of self-government in the colonies.

I. Explain how Britain’s colonial policies contributed to the growth of self- government in the colonies. A. Self government was possible in the colonies due to the great distance between North America and England.

Chapter 2 Section 2 The Coming of Independence Objective II: Identify some of the steps that led to growing feeling of colonial unity.

II. Identify some of the steps that led to growing feeling of colonial unity. A. Early Attempts – 1) Confederation – common purpose – 2) League of Friendship B. The Albany Plan – 1) Ben Franklin – trade and protection – 2) Delegate – representative – 3) Colonies did not accept the plan

II. Identify some of the steps that led to growing feeling of colonial unity. C. The Stamp Act Congress – 1) Taxation without representation – 2) Boycott – refusal to buy or sell certain products or services

Chapter 2 Section 2 The Coming of Independence Objective III: Compare the outcomes of the First and Second Continental Congresses.

III. Compare the outcomes of the First and Second Continental Congresses. A. The First and Second Continental Congress – 1) Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts – 2) Colonies sent King George III a declaration of rights – 3) Repealed – withdrawn or cancelled

III. Compare the outcomes of the First and Second Continental Congresses. B. The Second Continental Congress – 1) Representative from each of the 13 colonies were present. – 2) FIRST NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

Chapter 2 Section 2 The Coming of Independence Objective IV: Analyze the ideas in the Declaration of Independence.

IV. Analyze the ideas in the Declaration of Independence. A. The Declaration of Independence – 1) Largely the work of Thomas Jefferson – 2) Listed “self-evident” truths – a) All men are created equal – b) Under certain circumstances people have a right to rebel against their government. – c) Safety and happiness

Chapter 2 Section 2 The Coming of Independence Objective V: Describe the drafting of the first State constitutions and summarize the constitutions’ common features.

V. Describe the drafting of the first State constitutions and summarize the constitutions’ common features. A. Drafting State Constitutions – 1) Principles, structures, and process – 2) Conventions – draft and adopt B. Common Features – 1) Popular Sovereignty – 2) State governors – little real power – 3) State legislature – most authority – 4) Elective terms were short

Common Features of State Constitutions Civil Rights and Liberties Popular Sovereignty Limited Government Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances The principle of popular sovereignty was the basis for every new State constitution. That principle says that government can exist and function only with the consent of the governed. The people hold power and the people are sovereign. The concept of limited government was a major feature of each State constitution. The powers delegated to government were granted reluctantly and hedged with many restrictions. In every State it was made clear that the sovereign people held certain rights that the government must respect at all times. Seven of the new constitutions contained a bill of rights, setting out the “unalienable rights” held by the people. The powers granted to the new State governments were purposely divided among three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. Each branch was given powers with which to check (restrain the actions of) the other branches of the government.

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Chapter 2 Section 4 Creating the Constitution Objective I: Identify the Framers of the Constitution and discuss how the delegates organized the proceedings at the Philadelphia Convention.

I. Identify the Framers of the Constitution and discuss how the delegates organized the proceedings at the Philadelphia Convention. A. Framers of the Constitution – 1) Group of delegates who attended the Philadelphia Convention in B. Organization and Procedures – 1) Rule of secrecy – 2) Write a new constitution instead of revising the Articles of Confederation.

Chapter 2 Section 4 Creating the Constitution Objective II: Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan for a new constitution.

II. Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan for a new constitution. A. Virginia Plan – 1) James Madison’s Plan – 2) National Government with greatly expanded powers B. New Jersey Plan – 1) William Patterson’s Plan – 2) National Government that greatly resembled the Articles of Confederation.

II. Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan for a new constitution. C. Compare – 1) Both plans called for a federal executive branch D. Contrast – 1) They were different in how the States would be represented in Congress.

Chapter 2 Section 4 Creating the Constitution Objective III: Summarize the major compromises that the delegates agreed to make and the effects of those compromises.

III. Summarize the major compromises that the delegates agreed to make and the effects of those compromises. A. The Connecticut Compromise – 1) A combo of the Virginia and New Jersey Plans B. The Three-Fifths Compromise – 1) A plan to satisfy Southerners’ desire to inflate the population of their States

III. Summarize the major compromises that the delegates agreed to make and the effects of those compromises. C. The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise – 1) A plan to satisfy Southern fears that the Federal Government might be funded through export duties. D. “Bundle of Compromises” – 1) Popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and checks and balances

Chapter 2 Section 4 Creating the Constitution Objective IV: Identify some of the sources from which the Framers of the Constitution drew inspiration.

IV. Identify some of the sources from which the Framers of the Constitution drew inspiration. A. Sources of the Constitution – 1) Political writings of John Locke – 2) British tradition – 3) Colonial experiences

Chapter 2 Section 4 Creating the Constitution Objective V: Describe the delegates’ reactions to the Constitution as they completed their work.

V. Describe the delegates’ reactions to the Constitution as they completed their work. A. Constitution is completed. – 1) Benjamin Franklin felt the constitution was: a) imperfect b) none better could be framed

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