The Arteries 动脉 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华

The Arteries 动脉 Characteristics Symmetry 对称 In the trunk of the body consist parietal and visceral branches 壁支和脏支 Shortest possible course  Run on flexor surfaces  Usually do not pass directly through muscles, avoiding compression Together with the veins and nerves in a sheath of fascia to form neurovascular bundle 血管神经束

Pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干 Arises from right ventricle Runs up, back,and to the left Bifurcates inferior to aortic arch into right and left pulmonary arteries, one for each lung

Arterial ligament 动脉韧带 Remnant of ductus arteriosus A fibrous band that connects bifurcation of pulmonary trunk with inferior border of aortic arch

Pulmonary Artery Aorta Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Arteries of systemic circulation 体循环的动脉

★ Aorta 主动脉 Ascending aorta 升主动脉 Aortic arch 主动脉弓 T4 下缘 Descending aorta 降主动脉 L4 下缘 Common iliac a. 髂总动脉 Level of second right sternocostal joint

Aorta 主动脉 Ascending aorta 升主动脉 Arises from left ventricle Runs upward, forward and to the right Extends to level of second right sternocostal joint Branches: right and left coronary arteries

Aorta 主动脉 Aortic arch 主动脉弓 Continuation of ascending aorta Curves upward, to the left and posteriorly, then downward, arching over left principal bronchus and pulmonary trunk to lower border of T4 level, to become descending aorta Branches (from right to left )  Brachiocephalic trunk  Left common carotid artery  Left subclavian artery Aortic glomera － chemoreceptor

Aorta 主动脉 Descending aorta 降主动脉 Thoracic aorta 胸主动脉 Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉

★ Common carotid a. 颈总动脉 Origin (arises from)  Brachiocephalic trunk on the right  Aortic arch on the left Ascends in neck to upper border of thyroid cartilage; bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries

★ Common carotid a. 颈总动脉 ★ Carotid sinus 颈动脉窦 (baroreceptor), located at a localizes dilation of terminal part of common carotid artery or beginning of internal carotid artery, sensitive to blood pressure changes ★ Carotid glomus 颈动脉小球 (chemoreceptor), lies posterior to the point of bifurcation of common carotid artery, senses changes in blood carbon dioxide (oxygen) levels

★ Common carotid a. 颈总动脉 ★ External carotid artery 颈外动脉 Superior thyroid a. 甲状腺上动脉 descends to supply upper pole of thyroid gland and larynx Lingual a. 舌动脉 Facial a. 面动脉 Occipital a. 枕动脉 Posterior auricular a. 耳后动脉 Maxillary a. 上颌动脉 Superficial temporal a. 颞浅动脉

★ Subclavian artery 锁骨下动脉 Origin (arises from)  Brachiocephalic trunk on right  Aortic arch on left End: becomes axillary artery at lateral border of first rib Branches  Vertebral a. 椎动脉  Internal thoracic a. 胸廓内动脉  Thyrocervical trunk 甲状颈干 Inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉 Superascapular a. 肩胛上动脉  Costocervical trunk 肋颈干

Vertebral a. Thyrocervical trunk Inferior thyroid a. Internal thoratic a. Transvers cervical a. Costocervical trunk Suprascapular a.

Axillary artery 腋动脉 Continuation of subclavian artery at lateral border of first rib Becomes brachial artery at lower border of teres major Divided into three parts by overlying pectoralis minor

Axillary artery 腋动脉 First portion, above muscle  Thoracoacromial a. 胸肩峰动脉 Second portion, behind muscle  Lateral thoracic a. 胸外侧动脉 Third portion, below muscle  Anterior humeral circumflex a. 旋肱前动脉  Posterior humeral circumflex a. 旋肱后动脉  Subscapular a. 肩胛下动脉, Throcodorsal a. 胸背动脉 Circumflex scapular a. 旋肩胛动脉

Brachial artery 肱动脉 Continuation of axillary artery Divides into radial and ulnar arteries at level of neck of radius Branches  Deep brachial a. 肱深动脉  Superior ulnar collaeral a. 尺侧上副动脉  Inferior ulnar collateral a. 尺侧下副动脉

Radial artery & Ulnar artery 桡动脉、尺动脉 Radial artery 桡动脉 Superfical palmar branch 掌浅支 Principal artery of thumb 拇主要动脉 Ulnar artery 尺动脉 Common interosseous artery 骨间总动脉  Anterior interossous a. 骨间前动脉  Posterior interosseous a. 骨间后动脉 Deep palmar branch 掌深支

Superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓 Formed by ulnar artery and superficial palmar branch of radial artery The curve of arch lies across the palm, level with the distal border of fully extended thumb Gives rise to three common palmar digital arteries each then divides into two proper palmar digital arteries

Deep palmar arch 掌深弓 Formed by radial artery and deep palmar branch of ulnar artery The curve of arch lies across upper part of palmar at level with proximal border of extended thumb Gives rise to three palmar metacarpal arteries

Thoracic aorta 胸主动脉 Course  Continuation of aortic arch at lower border of T4  Passes through aortic hiatus of diaphragm at level of T12 vertebra to enter abdominal cavity Main branches  Parietal branches Posterior intercostals arteries 肋间后动脉 subcostal artery 肋下动脉 Superior phrenic arteries 膈上动脉  Visceral branches Bronchial branches Esophageal branches Pericardial branches

Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉 Continuation of thoracic aorta at aortic hiatus of diaphragm in front of T12 Terminates at lower border of L4 vertebra by dividing into right and left common iliac arteries

Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉 Parietal branches Inferior phrenic a. 膈下动脉 (one pair) Lumbar a. 腰动脉 (four pairs of arteries that supply the posterior abdominal wall) Median sacral a. 骶正中动脉

Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉 Visceral branches Paired branches  Middle suprarenal artery 肾上腺中动脉  Renal artery 肾动脉  Testicular (ovarian) artery 睾丸（卵巢）动脉

Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉 Renal artery 肾动脉 Lower accessory renal a.

Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉 Unpaired branches  Celiac trunk 腹腔干 － a short large artery that arises from the front of aorta as it emerges through the diaphragm.  Superior mesenteric a. 肠系膜上动脉 － arises from the front of aorta, at the level of L1  Inferior mesenteric a. 肠系膜下动脉 － arises from the front of aorta, at level of L3

Left gastric a. Common hepatic a. Splenic a. Gastroduodenal a. Proper hepatic a. Right gastric a. Left branch Right branch Cystic a. Short gastric a. Left gastroepiploic a. Right gastroepiploic a. Superior pancreaticoduodenal a. Splenic branches Celiac trunk

Superior mesenteric a. Inf. pancreaticodudenal a. Jejunal and ileal a. Ileocolic a. Appendicular a. Right colic a. Middle colic a. Superior Mesenteric v.

Inferior mesenteric a. Left colic a. Sigmoid a. Superior rectal a. Inferior mesenteric v.

Common iliac artery 髂总动脉 Continuation of abdominal aorta at level of L4 vertebra Run downward and laterally to end opposite the sacroiliac joint by dividing into internal and external iliac arteries.

Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉 Parietal branches Obturator a. 闭孔动脉 Superior gluteal a. 臀上动脉 Inferior gluteal a. 臀下动脉 Iliolumber a. 髂腰动脉 Lateral sacral a. 骶外侧动脉

Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉 Visceral branches Umbilical a. 脐动脉 → superior vesical a. 膀胱上动脉 Inferior vesical a. 膀胱下动脉 Uterine a. 子宫动脉 Inferior rectal a. 直肠下动脉 Internal pudendal a. 阴部内动脉

Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉 Uterine a. 子宫动脉 － about 2cm from neck of uterus it crosses above and in front of ureter 小桥流水

Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉 Uterine a. 子宫动脉 － about 2cm from neck of uterus it crosses above and in front of ureter 小桥流水

Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉 Internal pudendal artery 阴部内动脉 Course: leaves the pelvis through the infrapiriform foramen and enters the gluteal region. It enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen and then passes forward in the pudendal canal with the pudendal nerve. Branches  Anal artery  Perineal artery  Dorsal artery of penis (clitoris)

External iliac artery 髂外动脉 Branches Inferior epigastric artery 腹壁下动脉 Deep iliac circumflex artery 旋髂深动脉

Femoral a. 股动脉 Continuation of the external iliac a. Begins midpoint of inguinal ligament Ends at the adductor tendinous opening by entering the popliteal fossa as the popliteal artery Principal branch  deep femeral a. 股深动脉 arises from the posterolateral surface of the femoral artery about 5 cm below the inguinal ligament. Medial femoral circumflex 旋股内侧动脉 lateral femoral circumflex 旋股外侧动脉 Four perforating arteries 穿动脉

Popliteal artery 腘动脉 Course: Begins at the adductor tendinous opening Here it is continuous with the femoral artery Ends at the lower border of the popliteus where it divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Posterior tibial artery 胫后动脉 Passes downwards deep to gastrocnemius and soleus Passes behind medial mallealus by dividing into medial and lateral plantar arteries Branches:  Peroneal a. 腓动脉  Medial and lateral plantar a. 足底内、外侧动脉

Anterior tibial artery 胫前动脉 Descends on anterior surface of interosseous membrane In front of ankle joint becomes dorsal a. of foot

Dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉 Passes forward between tendons of extensor longus and extensor digitorum longus to the proximal End of first intermetatarsal space Branches  Deep plantar a. 足底深支  1st digital a. 第 1 跖背动脉  Arcuate a. 弓状动脉