Circulatory System Chapter 6 – Page 186

Circulatory System contains:  The heart  Two closed circuits: - pulmonary circuit - systemic circuit  Blood vessels  Blood within our body

What is the Heart? The heart is a hollow muscular structure made of up cardiac muscle The heart is a hollow muscular structure made of up cardiac muscle Is about the size of a clenched fist Is about the size of a clenched fist It’s located in the centre of the chest, behind your sternum (slightly to the LHS). It’s located in the centre of the chest, behind your sternum (slightly to the LHS).

HEART = PUMP

Functions of the Heart Circulate blood to all parts Circulate blood to all parts Transport water, oxygen, nutrients to cells Transport water, oxygen, nutrients to cells Transport waste away from cells Transport waste away from cells Helps maintain correct body temp (Homeostasis) Helps maintain correct body temp (Homeostasis) Helps fight disease Helps fight disease

Anatomy of the heart

Anatomy There are 4 chambers to the heart, they consist of: There are 4 chambers to the heart, they consist of: 2 Atrium's – The 2 upper chambers of the heart. 2 Atrium's – The 2 upper chambers of the heart. 2 Ventricles – The 2 lower chambers of the heart. 2 Ventricles – The 2 lower chambers of the heart.

Heart Anatomy Septum - Space that divides these chambers into two pumps Septum - Space that divides these chambers into two pumps The Right Pump The Right Pump The Left Pump The Left Pump

Heart anatomy – 2 pumps Left pump = left atrium and left ventricle Left pump = left atrium and left ventricle Pumps oxygen-rich blood for the body Pumps oxygen-rich blood for the body Red Red Right pump = right atrium and right ventricle Right pump = right atrium and right ventricle Pumps carbon-dioxide-rich blood which goes to the lungs for removal of carbon dioxide Pumps carbon-dioxide-rich blood which goes to the lungs for removal of carbon dioxide Blue Blue

Circulation of the blood Worksheet -Pulmonary circulation - Systemic circulation

Anatomy - valves Blood pumped does not mix as valves located between atria and ventricles only allow blood to move in 1 direction Blood pumped does not mix as valves located between atria and ventricles only allow blood to move in 1 direction

Blood Vessels Arteries Arteries Capillaries Capillaries Veins Veins Circulatory system has various types of blood vessels in addition to the heart that control the direction and volume of blood flow around the body. The three types include:

Arteries Carry oxygen-rich blood from heart to body Carry oxygen-rich blood from heart to body Aorta largest artery in body Aorta largest artery in body HR = pressure of blood being pushed into arterial system HR = pressure of blood being pushed into arterial system Common points – carotid and radial pulse Common points – carotid and radial pulse

Veins Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The deoxygenated blood has little oxygen and contains high amounts of waste products.The deoxygenated blood has little oxygen and contains high amounts of waste products.

Capillary Smallest blood Vessels in body Exchange of nutrients and waste between the blood and the body cells occurs in the capillaries

Stroke Volume SV SV Blood pumped out of the left ventricle during each beat of the heart Blood pumped out of the left ventricle during each beat of the heart Average for an adult female may be about 60 millilitres per beat Average for an adult female may be about 60 millilitres per beat Whilst an endurance trained female could be up to 110 millilitres per beat Whilst an endurance trained female could be up to 110 millilitres per beat

Cardiac Output Q Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute Measured in litres Measured in litres Q = HR x SV Q = HR x SV E.g. 70bpm x 80ml = 5.6L per Minute E.g. 70bpm x 80ml = 5.6L per Minute

Cardiac output – continued At rest for the average male is around 5 -6 litres per minute At rest for the average male is around 5 -6 litres per minute This may rise to around 20 litres during exercise This may rise to around 20 litres during exercise An endurance trained athlete could reach litres per minute An endurance trained athlete could reach litres per minute E.g. Lance Armstrong E.g. Lance Armstrong

Blood Only body tissue that is liquid Only body tissue that is liquid Blood cells make up 45% of the blood volume Blood cells make up 45% of the blood volume While plasma makes up the other 55% While plasma makes up the other 55% The three types of blood cell are: The three types of blood cell are: Red blood cells Red blood cells White blood cells White blood cells Platelets Platelets

BLOOD Blood carries the following to and from the body tissues: Heat Heat Oxygen Oxygen Vitamins Vitamins Antibodies Antibodies Hormones Hormones Waste materials Waste materials Red Blood Cells: give blood its red colour give blood its red colour Produced in the bone marrow Produced in the bone marrow Contains the protein haemoglobin Contains the protein haemoglobin 120 day life-span 120 day life-span White Blood Cells: Fight infection Fight infection Produced in the bone marrow Produced in the bone marrow 10 day life-span 10 day life-span Platelets are cells that: Help form blood clots to stop bleeding Help form blood clots to stop bleeding Are produced in bone marrow Are produced in bone marrow

Blood Pressure Systolic Pressure Systolic Pressure This is the upper reading and is the amount of pressure during the emptying stage of the heart This is the upper reading and is the amount of pressure during the emptying stage of the heart Diastolic Pressure Diastolic Pressure Is the lower reading and is the pressure on the arteries when the heart is relaxed Is the lower reading and is the pressure on the arteries when the heart is relaxed Measures how hard the heart is working The health of the arteries, veins and capillaries