Civil Rights in the ATL!!!

3/5/2014 Civil Rights in GA and the ATL Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks being fingerprinted, 1955

With your partner discuss how important was non-violent protest to the success of the Civil Rights Movement.

3/25/2013 Civil Rights in GA and the ATL Montgomery Bus Boycott Sibley Commission

Reaction in the South to Brown v. Board of Education was immediate Gov. Marvin Griffin( ) Gov. Marvin Griffin( ) spent most of his 4 years in office spent most of his 4 years in office pushing for “massive resistance” pushing for “massive resistance” General Assembly went as far as to close General Assembly went as far as to close Georgia’s public schools rather than be Georgia’s public schools rather than be integrated --- laws never enforced integrated --- laws never enforced 1960 with election of Gov. Ernest Vandiver 1960 with election of Gov. Ernest Vandiver changes in attitudes began changes in attitudes began Brown v. Board of Education

Gov. Vandiver called for hearings to be held over Gov. Vandiver called for hearings to be held over the state the state These hearings were known as the Sibley Commission These hearings were known as the Sibley Commission Sibley commission: found the public willing to close Sibley commission: found the public willing to close schools rather than integrate schools rather than integrate Commission recommended school systems be allowed Commission recommended school systems be allowed to decide whether to integrate schools or not to decide whether to integrate schools or not 1961: token integration began in Atlanta Public 1961: token integration began in Atlanta Public schools schools The Sibley Commission

With your partner discuss what your thoughts and feelings might have been if you were a young African American who went to a run- down and ill-equipped school when you heard about the Sibley Commissions findings?

3/25/2013 Civil Rights in GA and the ATL Montgomery Bus Boycott Sibley Commission Albany Movement

The Albany Movement Protesters march down Broad Street during the Albany movement. Blacks were protesting the segregation of bus waiting rooms in Albany, Georgia. Over 500 blacks were imprisoned during the year of nonviolent protests.

With your partner discuss what lessons might have been learned by those fighting for civil rights during the Albany Movement.

3/25/2013 Civil Rights in GA and the ATL Montgomery Bus Boycott Sibley Commission Albany Movement William Hartsfield

He was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and served as its 49th and 51st Mayor from 1937 to 1941 and again from 1942 to 1962, making him the Under the administration of William Hartsfield, racial moderation in Atlanta included the integration of city hall, helping foster Atlanta's image as William Hartsfield longest-serving mayor in Atlanta history. “The city too busy to hate“.

William Hartsfield promoted civil rights in Atlanta by integrating the cities lunch counters and hired the cities first black police officers.

3/25/2013 Civil Rights in GA and the ATL Montgomery Bus Boycott Sibley Commission Albany Movement William Hartsfield Ivan Allen Jr

One accomplishment of Ivan Allen Jr. He took a stand against segregation in Atlanta. By integrating the city’s fire department and removed the “colored” and “white” signs from City Hall.

He was also for bringing professional athletic teams to the city!!!

With your partner discuss how different Atlanta would be today if not for Hartsfield & Allen. Also what was meant by “The city too busy to hate“

3/25/2013 Civil Rights in GA and the ATL Montgomery Bus Boycott Sibley Commission Albany Movement William Hartsfield Lester Maddox

Lester Maddox, a successful Atlanta restaurateur first decides to close his business rather than serve African Americans. He then goes on to run for Governor of Georgia and WINS!!!

Lester Maddox is elected as the segregationist governor in 1967 but then goes to appoint more African Americans to state boards and commissions than all previous governors combined. He also went on to integrated the state parole board and State Patrol.

3/25/2013 Civil Rights in GA and the ATL Montgomery Bus Boycott Sibley Commission Albany Movement William Hartsfield Ivan Allen Jr Maynard Jackson

Maynard Jackson, the cities first African American Mayor, served three terms, two consecutive terms from 1974 until 1982 and a third term from 1990 to He helped improve race relations throughout the city and oversaw a major expansion to the airport. Maynard Jackson

3/25/2013 Civil Rights in GA and the ATL Montgomery Bus Boycott Sibley Commission Albany Movement William Hartsfield Maynard Jackson Andrew Young Ivan Allen Jr

The next mayor of Atlanta, former Georgia Congressman, Andrew Jackson Young, was instrumental in bringing the Olympics to Atlanta. Andrew Jackson Young

With your partner discuss how different Atlanta would be today if not for Jackson & Young.

3/25/2013 Civil Rights in GA and the ATL Montgomery Bus Boycott Sibley Commission Albany Movement William Hartsfield Maynard Jackson Andrew Young Companies move to GA Ivan Allen Jr

Because of the work of these men and other great leaders, many national and international companies began to look at the Mild Climate, Low Tax Rates, Few/weak unions, Transportation (airports/railroads/inter states) and decide to locate in or around Atlanta, GA.

3/25/2013 Civil Rights in GA and the ATL Montgomery Bus Boycott Sibley Commission Albany Movement William Hartsfield Maynard Jackson Andrew Young Companies move to GA Georgia Flag Controversy

Twenty-first century adherents of the 1956 flag claimed that the flag was designed to commemorate the upcoming Civil War Centennial that five years away. Critics, including Georgia Congressman John Lewis, assert it was only adopted as a symbol of racist protest, especially against the decision of Brown v. Board of Education. A federal appeals court noted in 1997 that the 1956 bill changing the flag was enacted "when the state's public leaders were implementing a campaign of massive resistance to the Supreme Court's school desegregation rulings." Other measures passed that year included bills rejecting Brown v. Board and following up on then-Governor Marvin Griffin's announcement that "The rest of the nation is looking to Georgia for the lead in segregation." The Georgia state flag of 1956

Opponents felt that the flag of 1956 represented the past instead of looking toward the future, damaged Georgia’s tourist industry, and was a symbol of slavery. The Georgia state flag of 1956

In 1992, Governor Zell Miller announced his intention to get the battle flag element removed, but the state legislature refused to pass any flag- modifying legislation. The matter was dropped after the 1993 legislative session. Many Atlanta residents and some Georgia politicians refused to fly the 1956 flag and flew the pre-1956 flag instead. Miller's successor as Governor, Roy Barnes, responded to the increasing calls for a new state flag, and in 2001 hurried a replacement through the Georgia General Assembly. The Georgia state flag of 2001

In 2002, Sonny Perdue was elected Governor of Georgia, partially on a platform of allowing Georgians to choose their own flag in a state referendum. The 2003 flag legislation also authorized a public referendum on which of the two most recent flags (the 2001 and 2003 versions) would be officially adopted as the flag of the state. The referendum took place during the state's March 2, 2004 presidential primary election. If the 2003 flag was rejected, the pre-2001 design would have been put to a vote. The 2003 design won 73.1% of the vote in the referendum. The Georgia state flag of 2003

Part of the state’s motto “Wisdom, Justice, Moderation” is represented on the flag and in the pledge of allegiance to the Georgia flag. The Georgia state flag of 2003

Martin Luther King JRMaynard JacksonAndrew Young Ellis ArnellBenjamin Elijah MaysRosa Parks Hamilton HolmesHerman TalmadgeCharlayne Hunter Carl Sanders Ivan AllenLester Maddox William HartsfieldFirst AA Mayor of ATLFirst AA Congressman in 20 th C. 3 GovernorsSibley CommissionDecline of Farmers Increase of companiesIncrease of suburbsAlbany Movement March on Washington, D.C. Georgia state flag of 1956Getting Olympics Getting Pro Sports Getting New Flag Civil Rights Act of 1964Brown v. Board of EducationFair Housing Act 14 th AmendmentVoting Rights ActPlessy v. Ferguson Events- Who, what, when, where… 4 th Quarter Units 1-2 Study Guide Cornell Note Format!!! Directions- Construct this Study Guide in a Cornell Note Format!!! People- Who are they, what did they do in GA History, to Fight Racism, Greatest Contributions… Legal Items-