PETROLEUM Section C

Petrochemicals  Petrochemicals – compounds produced from oil or natural gas  Polymers – large molecules typically composed of 500 – 20,000 repeating monomers  Monomer – simple molecules

Bonds  Double Covalent bond – when two pairs of electrons hold the atoms together.  Shorter bond length than single bonds  Stronger bond than single bonds  Uses the ending –ene rather than -ane

Alkenes  When carbon atoms are bonded to only 3 other atoms vs. 4 in alkanes  Classified as unsaturated because not all available bonds go to individual atoms  Use’s the formula C n H 2n

Alkenes  Examples

Substituted Alkenes  In addition to the hydrocarbon, another element is added  Oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, sulfur

Alkynes  Uses formula C n H 2n-2  Uses triple bonds  Stronger than double or single bonds  Shorter than double or single bonds

Alkynes  Examples

Special Alkanes  Cycloalkanes – saturated hydrocarbons arranged into rings  Aromatic compunds – hydrocarbons arranged into rings with alternating dobule bonds

Functional Groups  ROH – alcohol  ol  ROR – Ether  RCOOH - Carboxylic Acid  Oic acid  RCOOR – Ester  oate

Naming  -CH3 methyl  -C2H6 ethyl Rules  Name the number where the carbon-carbon bond is a double bond  Put the name of the constituent in front of the carbon structure name

Examples

Test  PART 1  Question #1 - (Homework WS)- Conversions, change miles/gal into gal/year, $/year, 25% efficient  Question #2 - (Homework WS) - heat of combustion - combustion of propane, write equation, when given moles convert to KJ, and KJ/gram  Question #3-#14 - (Model Labs) - write structural, chemical, and condensed formulas, draw structures, isomers, etc  PART 2  Matching and Multiple Choice ( vocab words)