Catalyst – February, * Draw the Bohr model for Aluminum. 2. Draw the Bohr model for Boron. 3. What similarities do these two elements have?

Which Atom am I? PNPN Ca

Which Atom am I? PNPN Ne

Which Atom am I? PNPN O

PNPN B

PNPN Si

Find the atomic number of this element

Periodic Table Basics You are about to begin a journey to find the secrets of the Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a majestic tool used by scientists all over the world Are you ready? Let’s go.

The Periodic Table Key Point #1: The periodic table organizes the elements into many different groups based on physical and chemical properties.  We will learn about the major ways to group the elements – by…  Family  Metals/metalloids/nonmetals  Valence Electrons  Atomic size  Electronegativity

What does PERIODIC mean? Key Point #2: Periodic means that there is some kind of pattern.  In the Periodic Table, there are numerous patterns  What about in regular life? How could you group the following items in different ways?

Periodic Law  Periodic Law is the statement that there is a periodic (patterned) repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged in increasing atomic number

Periodic Table Basics  Vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups  Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods  Elements are in order of atomic number  Elements are grouped according to electron configuration

Metal, Nonmetals, and Metalloids  Are good conductors of electricity and heat  Are shiny (have luster)  Are malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets)  Are ductile (can be stretched into wire)  Solid at room temp (except Hg)  Are bad conductors of electricity and heat  No Luster  Are brittle (break easily)  Nonductile  Solid, liquid, and gas at room temperature MetalsNonmetals Metalloids are elements that have properties that are in between metals and nonmetals.

Metals vs. Nonmetals  Based on your real life experience label the following as metals or nonmetals  Copper  Oxygen  Silver  Neon  Gold  Helium  Platinum  Carbon (graphite, diamonds)  Iron

Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

Metal vs. Nonmetals  Two parents are designing a child’s room. They know that children are very curious and want to touch everything, including the heating vent. The vent is currently made of iron, which of the following elements should the parents use to remake the vent so it does not conduct heat well? A. Silver B. Zinc C. Calcium D. Carbon E. Chromium  An electrician ran out of wire and needs to buy some more to finish the electrical circuits in a home. At the store he has the choice of buying the following elements. Which should he buy? A. Carbon B. Hydrogen C. Fluorine D. Gold E. Sulfur

Major Families Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Halogens Noble Gases Lanthanides Actininides H BeBCNOF He Ce Th

Notice any trends???  Look at your Bohr models for the first 20 elements  What trends (patterns or similarities) do you notice along the periodic table?

Schrödinger Equation and Atomic Orbitals Key Point #3: There are 4 atomic orbitals… s p d f

A Saying to Remember the Four Atomic Orbitals s ome p irates d ie f iercely!

The s Orbital One s orbital in each energy level The s orbital is shaped like a sphere

The p Orbital Three p orbitals in each energy level (starting in the 2nd energy level!) Shape looks like dumbells or bowties

p and s Orbitals Side by Side

The d orbital Five d orbitals Start in the 3rd energy level! Shape looks like eggs or flowers

The f orbital  Seven f orbitals - start in 4th energy level

Electron Configuration  Knowing where electrons are in an atom helps us determine how that atom will behave in a chemical reaction  We write electron configurations for atoms of each element to help us map out the electrons 1s 2 Large number= energy level Letter=orbital Small number =Number of electrons

Electron Configuration 1s 2  Large number = energy level  Letter = atomic orbital  Superscript (small) number = number of electrons in atomic orbital

Figure it out yourself!! (15 mins)  Look at the table that has 1s, 2s, 2p on your notes sheet.  Here I have put a couple electron configurations. See if you can figure out how to do the last two.  Mg-1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2  Ne- 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6  Si- 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 2  K- 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 1  S-  B-

Electron Configuration N – 1s 2

Electron Configuration N – 1s 2 2s 2

Electron Configuration N – 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3

Electron Configuration N – 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 = 7 e-

Electron Configuration Na – 1s 2

Electron Configuration Na – 1s 2 2s 2

Electron Configuration Na – 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6

Electron Configuration Na – 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 = 11 e-

Electron Configuration Be: Ne: Br:

Electron Configuration Be: 1s 2 2s 2 Ne: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 Br: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 5

Exit Question  Write the electron configuration for the following 2 elements:  Manganese  Fluorine

Exit Question 1. Draw the Bohr model for Lithium (Li). 2. is the periodic table called the “periodic” table? 3. What family/group is your project element in? How many valence electrons does it have? Homework: Quiz 2.1 Tracking, Periodic Table Assignment, Work on Project