Foreign Policy: How should the U.S. respond to the conflict between France and England? 1793: War breaks out between France and England Washington? 1797: France seizing American ships; XYZ Affair Adams? War breaks out again; both France and Britain blockading Europe Jefferson? Madison?

When is going to WAR justified?

Causes of the War of Britain arming Natives in Ohio River Valley 2.Britain blockading American trade with Europe

(BACKGROUND): Violence in Ohio River Valley since Revolution British don’t leave forts, arm Natives (1794- Battle of Fallen Timbers; Natives pushed out of Ohio

1809- Treaty of Ft. Wayne 3 million acres to U.S.

Role of Tecumseh Rejects the treaties that gave Native land to the U.S. Calls for united Native American confederacy to resist white settlers Skilled military and diplomatic leader Tenskatawa: The Prophet

BRITISH INVOLVEMENT IN NATIVE RESISTANCE: America finds that Natives used guns supplied by the British

2- British blockade of American trade Britain blockades France (no ships allowed to Europe) in Napoleonic Wars 1500 US ships seized 1807

British “impressment” of sailors: The British navy kidnaps and forces American sailors into the British navy to fight France

Jefferson’s response: Embargo Act of 1807 No exporting American goods Goal: hurt France and Britain economically Force them to accept American neutrality Results: Destroys American trade American merchants in the North are furious Little effect on Britain

THE DEBATE OVER THE WAR WAR HAWKS Congressmen from West and South who want War with Britain BIG NAMES: Henry Clay Senator, Kentucky John C. Calhoun Senator, S Carolina

“Mr. Madison’s War” NONE of the 39 Federalists vote for the War of 1812

WAR HAWKS push for war FOR WAR Britain hurting trade Impressment of sailors Britain encouraging “savages” Take Canada Our “honor” is at stake AGAINST War will be expensive- ruin the country Doubt we can win People will die Our own fault the Natives are attacking We should be allies with Britain

Invasion of Canada U.S. attacks Canada Disaster Br. Counterattacks Stopped in autumn, 1813 Winfield Scott

War against Natives Oct TECUMSEH killed in battle Natives soon pushed WEST of Mississippi River

Andrew Jackson in Alabama Jackson crushes Creek Indians in Alabama Land ceded to the U.S.

1814 Napoleon defeated UH-OH- Br. sends experienced troops over Attack from Canada repulsed, but… American victory at Battle of Lake Champlain

At Sea British navy sets up a blockade U.S. trade strangled

August 1814: Attack on Washington City burnt, including Capitol and White House Madisons flee

Scenes of the burning of Washington

Br. Stopped at Baltimore Francis Scott key is on a ship making a prisoner exchange Witnesses a MASSIVE bombardment of Ft. McHenry Through the haze of smoke in the dawn’s early light, he asks his friend, “Jose, can you see?” To his joy, the flag was still there What poem did he write?

Francis Scott Key: Following MASSIVE bombardment of Ft. McHenry, flag still there Writes poem: “Star Spangled Banner”

Battle of New Orleans Technically after war over Andrew Jackson- big hero “Old Hickory”- nickname Casualties: BR: 2036 US: 71 ww.you tube.co m/watc h?v=50 _iRIcxs z0&fea ture=re lated

Treaty of Ghent December 1814; ends war Pre-war boundaries re-established

EFFECTS OF WAR: A: Nationalism/ Patriotism rises; nation unified and proud B: Federalist Party fades away New England opposed the war Hartford Convention : Dec. 1814, Federalists meet and consider “secession” (forming separate nation) from the Union & a separate peace w/ Britain

EFFECTS OF WAR… C: Native American resistance over east of Mississippi River D: Settlers flood West LA 1812 MS 1817 AL 1819 IL 1818 IN 1816 OH 1803 NEW STATES:

EFFECTS OF WAR: E: Beginning of closer ties with Britain

EFFECTS OF WAR: F: Industrial Revolution begins in America Embargo Act/ War of 1812 kill New England trade Rich Americans invest $$ into textile factories instead of trade

Closure: Which of the effects of the War of 1812 is the most significant? Why?