Lecture 3. The transition state has highest energy.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Chemistry 2100 Lecture 11. Protein Functions + PL P L Binding Catalysis Structure.

Advertisements

Enzymes - Attempt 3 (your target + 1 up and down) E: Which monomer are enzymes made from? D: What is activation energy? C: Describe the effect of enzymes.

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action. What You Need to Know Understand the importance of and need for enzymes in biological reactions. Understand how an enzymes.

Enzymes What are enzymes? Specialized proteins What do they do?

Enzymes a special type of protein.

Enzyme Action Learning objective: to describe different models for enzyme action and to investigate factors which control the rate of an enzyme reaction.

What is an enzyme & how do they speed up reactions?

Identify and Investigate the role of enzymes.

Enzymes Mrs. Harlin Explain how enzymes act as catalysts for biological reactions.

Understanding Enzymes Academic Biology. Enzyme A large protein molecule Specific shape with deep folds on its surface Deep folds form pockets called active.

Enzymes Jennifer Naples Biology. What is an Enzyme? An enzyme is a biological catalyst What is a catalyst? Something that makes a chemical reaction happen.

Joe Wright Enzymes. Joe Wright What are Enzymes? Globular proteins Biological catalysts Do not change after reaction They are found in small quantities.

 Definition of metabolism  Definition of a substrate  Characteristics of metabolic pathways  Why we need metabolic pathways.

Section 2.5: Enzymes Biology.

THE ROLE OF ENZYMES ENZYMES ARE “BOSSY” PROTEINS.

Slide 1 of 50 Enzymes  Enzymes are biological catalysts  Proteins  Catalyst  Lower activation energy  Increases the rate of the reaction  Affects.

Lecture 4 Web: pollev.com/ucibio Text: To: Type in:

Stickase Substrate If enzyme just binds substrate then there will be no further reaction Transition stateProduct Enzyme not only recognizes substrate,

Learning Outcomes B11- analyse the roles of enzymes in biochemical reactions explain the following terms: metabolism, enzyme, substrate, coenzyme, activation.

CELL METABOLISM Enzymes Definition Catalysts Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the energy of activation.

ENZYMES Each enzyme lowers the activation energy of the reaction it catalyses. The induced-fit model of enzyme action. The properties of an enzyme relate.

Enzyme Theory Biology Do not appreciate the awesomeness of enzymes!!!!

You’re eating a carrot… 1. you begin to chew (manual breakdown) 2. you are salivating as you chew  Amylase in salvia  Amylase is a digestive enzyme classified.

ENZYMES. There are thousands of reactions that occur within organisms. These reactions would occur very slowly or not at all without enzymes.

ENZYME NOTES. Chemical Reactions Chemical Reaction – process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants – elements or compounds.

Lock and Key Model Enzymes are specific to their substrates Substrate and active site match each other in two ways: Structurally  substrates that don’t.

Enzyme Activity. ______________________ are broken and made between one or more substances to create new substances. In the process energy is absorbed.

Enzymes Explain enzyme action and factors influencing their action Temperature pH Substrate concentration Feedback inhibition Competitive inhibition.

Protein Structure Primary - sequence of amino acids Secondary – folding into pleated sheets or alpha helix Tertiary – 3-D structure, completely folded.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS!!!! reactant + reactant  product reactant  product + product reactant + reactant  product + product What are some other ways that.

 “Ability to do work”  Chemical, positional (potential), kinetic (heat), etc. Energy.

Chemistry 2100 Lecture 11. Protein Functions + PL P L Binding Catalysis Structure.

Enzymes. Enzymes-definition  Act as catalysts, lowering activation energy needed for reactions-speed up reaction.  Substrate binds to enzyme’s active.

 Enzymes are Proteins o Made at ribosome o Monomer: AA o Peptide bonds.

Enzymes. Enzymes are Catalysts Catalysts lower the activation energy of a reaction. Catalysts lower the activation energy of a reaction. Makes the reaction.

ENZYMES. Outline Review – What is an enzyme? Models of enzyme activity ◦ Lock and key ◦ Induced fit model Factors affecting enzyme activity ◦ Temperature.

Enzymes. Introduction Enzymes = organic molecules act as catalysts – Type of protein Catalyst = reduce amount of activation energy needed for reaction.

Enzymes HL IB Biology. STARTER: As a group discuss possible definitions for the key terms below Competitive inhibition Non-competitive inhibition Activation.

Enzymes. Enzymes are Proteins Many of our genes code directly for enzymes Estimated to be about 75,000 different types in the human body.

Metabolic Pathways (c)

Enzymes Biological Catalysts.

Lecture 4 Web: pollev.com/ucibio Text: To: 37607

Introduction to Enzymes

Enzymes Living organisms are dependent on chemical reactions to survive. These chemical reactions happen TOO SLOWLY or require TOO MUCH ENERGY for us.

To Consolidate…..

Enzymes a special type of protein.

TSW identify the structure and function of an enzyme

Enzymes Biological Catalysts.

Identify and Investigate the role of enzymes.

All enzymes are …………. molecules

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Enzymes A special class of proteins that are vital to an organism’s survival. They work by lowering the energy it takes to start a chemical reaction. Biological.

Enzymes Biological catalyst – it speeds up reactions without being permanently changed.

SB1b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts.

Biochemistry: Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life.

Enzymes & Your Body.

Presentation transcript:

Lecture 3

The transition state has highest energy

What happens if you lower  G ‡

 G ‡ determines reaction rate Lower activation energy = More molecules climb over Therefore, more S  P

What does an enzyme do? It “stabilizes” the TS “Stabilizes” =

Annotate this figure!

Photograph/Scan figure Upload JPG to Dropbox: Bio98 AE Curve

General enzyme reaction pathway General reaction pathway for enzyme E + S E.S E.TS -> E + P

Huh. How does an enzyme do that? How do you stabilize the TS?

How does an enzyme stabilize the TS? Lock & Key model Induced fit model

Lock & Key: Substrate

Induced fit

Enzymes have “active sites” Small cleft or crevice in enzyme molecule Very small part of enzyme! Has defined 3D architecture