PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Part 4: Light in the Ocean GEOL 1033

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MID-LATITUDE TEMPERATURE DEPTH PROFILE

DENSITY OF SEAWATER AS TEMPERATURE & SALINITY VARY

Political and Legal Problems Canada’s 200 mile fishing zone declared in 1977 Not all countries signed 1982 Law of the Sea Treaty USA-Canada Eastern boundary dispute –Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank –Mid 1980’s –Petroleum & fishing –World Court settlement

Political and Legal Problems France-Canada dispute –Over St. Pierre Bank –Small territories of France: St Pierre Island Miguelon Island 22 km territorial zone Encouraged large claim to continental shelf –1980’s –Petroleum & fishing –1987 temporary solution –Heard before the World Court –Settlement in early 1990’s 370 Canadian exclusive fishing zone

Political and Legal Problems France-Canada dispute –Over St. Pierre Bank –Small territories of France: St Pierre Island Miguelon Island 22 km territorial zone Encouraged large claim to continental shelf –1980’s –Petroleum & fishing –1987 temporary solution –Heard before the World Court –Settlement in early 1990’s

Political and Legal Problems “Northwest Passage” –USA does not officially recognize Canadian Arctic soverienty –Notification of use only

Political and Legal Problems USA-Canada Pacific confrontation –Between Alaska and Queen Charlotte Islands –Now –Fishing, territory, etc.

Political and Legal Problems Customs problems –in offshore areas –in remote coastal areas Arctic islands –Sovereignty issue –Stronger Canadian presence necessary Metal-rich offshore deposits –Off BC continental shelf –Hydorthermal origin (deep-sea hot springs) –Associated with mid-ocean ridge system –discovered in 1982