Acids, Bases, Salts: A different way at looking at specific types of bonds and chemistry occurring

Acids vs Bases

pH It is based on a 10 exponent scale which means… small differences in pH are: 0-14, 7 is neutral ie what WATER IS or is close to naturally Can be measured using special proton (hydrogen detectors), pH strips, etc.

So what do each form in water One forms hydroxide the other just a Hydrogen that is positive

When acids and bases react together They neutralize each other, but they also do this by forming water

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Reactions of Acids with Bases Aka NEUTRALIZATION REACTION Brings the pH closer to 7 if not exactly 7. Thus not all neutralization reactions result as fully neutral ALWAYS IS AN IONIC REACTION If the acids and bases are strong enough they react to fully produce water and a salt= a compound formed through making IONIC BONDS

Neutralization Reactions In the lab when done they are called TITRATIONS This is the process of neutralizing an acid or base. If we know the concentration of a base or acid we can add the equivalent amount to neutralize it to the pH of 7 This can be done equally with strong bases and acids, however if there is a WEAK ACID OR BASE USED, the point where they are neutral is not always a perfect pH of 7

Titration Labs (not here but in college or ask Ms. Arace when you are in chem) Can be pretty cool: and are done sometimes from samples of different acids or bases to figure out what pH they are. Base always added to acid or else you will have an acid EXPLOSION!!! ETCk :Mol acid equals mol of base in these ETCk

Acids, Bases, Salts in Real Life Certain salts can cause different chemicals to change their properties if reacting with them Soap is usually composed of salts of SODIUM OR POTASSIUM, MIXED WITH FATTY ACIDS, and allow oil and water to mix as and EMULSION HOW SOAP WORKS !! DETERGENTS ARE THE SAME BUT HAVE STRONGER IONS LIKE MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM, or IRON and have a different connecter group instead of a carboxyl

Bases Many cleaning products contain ammonia, these OH/ hydroxide molecules emulsify dirt and oils in a similar fashion as the previously mentioned soaps etc Bleaches and other disinfectants are often common forming base compounds which react with acids to lighten color and kill bacteria/viruses

Antacids Antacids are bases Vitamin C is an acid Acids keep fruit fresh longer Acids and salts in different marinades are used to tenderize meat in different chef dishes as well as also used on many other dishes due to the fact that it emulsifies the fat contents with other juice flavors on the dish (veggies, meats, etc)