Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skeletal System Osteoarthritis

I. Bone Fractures femur fracture clavicle fracture

Radius fracture and dislocation of ulna Fracture of metacarpel

humerus fracture

fracture of humerus fracture of femur

fracture of the radius Skull fracture

II. Arthritis A. Osteoarthritis - Chronic degeneration of the cartilage due to wear and tear

-often results in growth of extra bone tissue = bone spurs Osteoarthritis:

Osteoarthritis of the hands

B. Rheumatoid Arthritis 1) Autoimmune disease- immune system destroys cartilage 2) Scar tissue forms which ossifies, fusing bones 3) Can cause deformity and crippling

Rheumatoid Arthritis

III. Osteoporosis - A. Bone thinning disease that can lead to fractures, especially the spine and head of femur B. Risk factors: 1) poor diet - calcium, vit. D 2) lack of exercise 3) smoking 4) menopause 5) small build 6) genetics

IV. Rickets -Bones fail to calcify -Due to lack of calcium and/or vitamin D -soft bones lead to bowed legs