Background Data: The Air War Game—Battle of Britain Randy H. Katz CS Division, EECS Dept. University of California, Berkeley Spring 2008.

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Presentation transcript:

Background Data: The Air War Game—Battle of Britain Randy H. Katz CS Division, EECS Dept. University of California, Berkeley Spring 2008

Background History May 1940: German Blitzkrieg in the West –German mechanized warfare shocks the Allies –Holland, Belgium fall in days, France defeated in 6 weeks –British Expeditionary Force (BEF) miraculously escapes at Dunkirk, leaving most of its equipment behind Operation Sea Lion: Germany poised to invade England –Triumphant Luftwaffe operates from airbases in Northern France through Norway

Air War Game Early War Version Britain on defense –Defend on the sea and in the air Germany on offense –Neutralize the Royal Navy and soften the defenses in preparation for an amphibious assault against Southeastern England

Air Defense of England

Tactical Bombing

Decisions Made in the 1930s Have the sides invested in the right technologies to achieve their goals? –Planes and pilots –Strategic vs. tactical capabilities –Offensive vs. defensive focus –Detection measures and countermeasures –Interception methods

Battle of Britain: The Movie

Planes vs. Planes K ft 2750 ft/min 175 mph 35K ft K/9 min 57534K cruising 3510 ft/min K 1100x cruising K/ 9.2 min 54032K max 118 cruising 19924K3968 lbs 16K 239 cruising K (tanks) 26.7K (loaded) 27.9KUp to 5500 HPMax SpeedClimbRangeCeiling Bomb Load Hurricane IIC Spitfire IA ME BF 109E ME BF 110G JU 87D Stuka JU 88 DO 17z HE 111

Hurricane IIC Spitfire IA ME BF 109E ME BF 110G JU 87 JU 88 DO 17 HE 111

RAdio Detection And Ranging Over the horizon detection Based on the principle of radio reflection Robert Watson-Watt

Shorter wavelengths, higher frequencies, greater precision in ranging Rotating antenna for better directional accuracy Suitable for night interception Chain Home vs. Chain Home Low 30 MHz, 10m waves, 125 mi 15-20,000 ft 200 MHz, 1.5m waves 40 mi range 5000 ft alt.

Ground Control Intercept

British Defense System

What Really Happened – Part I

What Really Happened – Part II

What Really Happened – Part III

What Really Happened – Part IV

Next Week: Strategic Bombing Offensive vs. Germany Fighters vs. Bombers –What are good targets? Strategic vs. tactical plans –Precision bombing Daylight vs. nightime raids, formation flying, escorts Minimizing plane and crew losses while maximizing enemy destruction –How do you intercept attackers? Where is the enemy? Radar to observe planes at a distance, searchlights to track plans nearby How to confuse the defender as to attacker’s plans and intentions? Getting the fighters to arrive at where you expect to the bombers to be