Chapter 4 I.Established Denominations II.Non-Established Denominations III.Colonial Worship

Chapter 4 IV.Indian Missions V.The Great Awakening

Background Henry VIII Henry VIII Edward VI Edward VI Mary Mary Elizabeth I Elizabeth I “Elizabethan Settlement” “Elizabethan Settlement”

Anglican Groups Puritans Puritans Low-church Anglicans Low-church Anglicans High-church Anglicans High-church Anglicans Separatists Separatists

Puritanism Believed in basic doctrines of the Reformation Believed in basic doctrines of the Reformation God deals with mankind through covenants God deals with mankind through covenants

Puritanism Polity Polity Episcopal Episcopal Presbyterian Presbyterian Congregational Congregational Congregationalists Congregationalists

Puritanism Decline in fervor Decline in fervor “Owning” the covenant “Owning” the covenant Half-Way Covenant Half-Way Covenant Salem witch trials Salem witch trials

Anglicanism Present in Virginia from the beginning Present in Virginia from the beginning Mostly low-church Mostly low-church Less inclined to start a “holy commonwealth” Less inclined to start a “holy commonwealth”

Anglicanism Spiritual decline Spiritual decline James Blair James Blair William and Mary William and Mary Thomas Bray Thomas Bray SPCK and SPG SPCK and SPG

Anglicanism Anglican church grew Anglican church grew In every colony In every colony Established church in several colonies Established church in several colonies

Non-Established Not supported by colonial laws or governments Not supported by colonial laws or governments Pilgrims were the first Pilgrims were the first

Baptists Roger Williams Roger Williams Largest numbers in Pennsylvania Largest numbers in Pennsylvania Congregational polity Congregational polity Only believers are immersed Only believers are immersed

Quakers George Fox George Fox “Inner light” “Inner light” Plain worship Plain worship Center of colonial Quakerism was Pennsylvania Center of colonial Quakerism was Pennsylvania

Presbyterians Presbyterian polity Presbyterian polity Francis Makemie Francis Makemie Founded first presbytery in America Founded first presbytery in America Court cases Court cases

Reformed Groups Dutch Reformed Dutch Reformed French Reformed French Reformed Huguenots Huguenots German Reformed German Reformed Mostly settled in Pennsylvania Mostly settled in Pennsylvania

Lutherans Many originated in Germany Many originated in Germany Largest numbers in Pennsylvania Largest numbers in Pennsylvania Henry Mühlenberg Henry Mühlenberg

Would have nothing to do with the state Would have nothing to do with the state Mennonites Mennonites Amish Amish Many settled in Pennsylvania Many settled in Pennsylvania Anabaptist Groups

Pietist Groups Pietism Pietism Moravians Moravians Followers of Huss Followers of Huss Zinzendorf Zinzendorf Evangelistic Evangelistic

Catholics Most colonists feared Catholicism Most colonists feared Catholicism Centered in Maryland Centered in Maryland

Buildings Often near center of town Often near center of town Early churches were plain Early churches were plain Some were barns Some were barns

Buildings Buildings and pulpits became more elaborate over time Buildings and pulpits became more elaborate over time Many contained balconies Many contained balconies

Services Often had two services on Sunday Often had two services on Sunday Catechism Catechism Singing Singing Bay Psalm Book Bay Psalm Book

Services In early years, there were no instruments In early years, there were no instruments Sermon Sermon

Indian Missions Many colonists were genuinely concerned about the Indians’ souls Many colonists were genuinely concerned about the Indians’ souls Roger Williams Roger Williams Jonathan Edwards Jonathan Edwards John and Charles Wesley John and Charles Wesley

Indian Missions John Campanius John Campanius Congregationalists Congregationalists Moravians Moravians Cherokees of North Carolina and Georgia Cherokees of North Carolina and Georgia

Indian Missions John Eliot John Eliot Algonquin Indians Algonquin Indians David Brainerd David Brainerd Journal Journal Eleazar Wheelock Eleazar Wheelock

Indian Missions Gnadenhütten Gnadenhütten David Zeisberger David Zeisberger

The Great Awakening Greatest activity Greatest activity Affected a period from the 1720s to the early 1760s Affected a period from the 1720s to the early 1760s

Background A spiritual lull A spiritual lull Desire for security Desire for security Churches with unconverted members Churches with unconverted members

Background Little religious life on the frontier Little religious life on the frontier “A surprising work of God” “A surprising work of God”

Early Stirrings Theodore Frelinghuysen Theodore Frelinghuysen Gilbert Tennent Gilbert Tennent “New Lights” “New Lights” “Old Lights” “Old Lights”

Jonathan Edwards Greatest theologian Greatest theologian A Faithful Narrative A Faithful Narrative Religious Affections Religious Affections

George Whitefield Made seven preaching tours of the colonies Made seven preaching tours of the colonies Anglican Anglican

In the South Samuel Davies Samuel Davies Shubal Stearns Shubal Stearns Baptist Baptist Daniel Marshall Daniel Marshall Samuel Doak Samuel Doak

Results Church growth Church growth Presbyterians Presbyterians Baptists Baptists Number of religious colleges increased Number of religious colleges increased

Results Transformation of spiritual life of churches Transformation of spiritual life of churches Tendency to unity Tendency to unity Brought divisions to some churches Brought divisions to some churches

Results Political effects Political effects Breakthrough for personal liberty Breakthrough for personal liberty Democratic influence in churches Democratic influence in churches