Fricatives PlaceVoicelessVoiced Labiodental/f//v/ Interdental//////// Alveolar/s//z/ Palatal//////// Glottal/h/////

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Presentation transcript:

Fricatives PlaceVoicelessVoiced Labiodental/f//v/ Interdental//////// Alveolar/s//z/ Palatal//////// Glottal/h/////

Area (cm 2 ) Length (cm) ////////

Fluid Flow Equation for Turbulence Re= V*h/  – Re: Reynolds number – V: flow velocity –  : kinematic coefficient of viscosity – h: characteristic dimension (size of constriction)

Source Characteristics Flat spectrum Similar across all places of articulation Frequency Amplitude

Source Characteristics Frequency Amplitude Time

Source Characteristics: Voiced Amplitude Frequency +

Filter Characteristics Area (cm 2 ) Length (cm) lipsglottis Anterior constriction Front Cavity* Back Cavity * Front cavity length Largely dictates resonant frequency

Fricatives: Alveolar front cavity length ~ 2.5 cm F1=34000/4*2.5 = 3400 Hz Intense energy at/above 3400 Hz

Source Filter Theory

Sibilants: Spectrum Envelope /  / (~2-3 KHz) /s/ (> KHz) Amplitude Frequency

Spectrogram /////s/

/h/

/f/ Waveform and Spectrogram Amplitude Spectrum

/z//s/ Voicing

/z/ /s/

Affricate //// /t  / /t/

Rise-time: stops vs. affricates /t/ /t  /

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