Chapter 9 Trials and New Beginnings A.D. 300ish

Invasions from Many Sides With the decline of the Roman Empire came a lack of security in the regions once controlled by its armies Barbarian tribes overran much of Europe and portions of North Africa Muslim armies of Arabia conquered much of the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain

Q: What is a barbarian? A: Technically, a barbarian is someone with a beard. The clean-shaven Romans thought anyone with a beard was uncivilized

Can the Catholic Church survive? The rise of monasteries put monks in contact with the pagans of the countryside The monks became the evangelizers of the Early Middle Ages, spreading the good news of Jesus Christ

The Rise of Monasticism The words monastery and monastic mean “living alone, away from the world” Monasticism grew out of a desire by some to live solitary lives of deep prayer Saint Antony of Egypt ( ) was a hermit who lived such a life; many followed Antony out into the desert and lived by his example

St. Benedict St. Benedict (about ) of Monte Cassino is perhaps the most famous of the founders of monastic orders The “Rule of St. Benedict” was a guide to all aspects of monastic life; his rule became the model for many future orders in Europe The Benedictine motto is, “work and prayer” Monasteries became powerhouses of the age, civilizing influences during barbaric times

Changing Times A new monastery founded at Cluny, France, de- emphasized work and stressed prayer; eventually, the monastery grew to such a degree in affiliation, wealth, and power that it lost the character that St. Benedict envisioned A new order, the Cistercians, rose as a result of the dissatisfaction with the Cluny influences; the Cistercians were even stricter than the early Benedictines Many were attracted to the Cistercian order because of the leadership established by St. Bernard of Clairvaux

What was so great about Gregory the Great? In a troubled time, Gregory (540 – 604) was elected pope He defended the Romans against Germanic invaders He devoted himself to the care of the poor A man of great learning, he was declared a Doctor of the Church

What is a Doctor of the Church? Word Attack!!! Remember that –doct- means learned or skilled. Doctors of the Church were those learned individuals who helped generate many doctrines of our faith.

Gregory provides order Contributed to Canon Law What is Canon Law? See pg. 186 of your text What type of rules does it discuss ?

Example about Catholic Ed. Canon Law deal with Catholic Education Can. 796 §1. Among the means to foster education, the Christian faithful are to hold schools in esteem; schools are the principal assistance to parents in fulfilling the function of education. §2. Parents must cooperate closely with the teachers of the schools to which they entrust their children to be educated; moreover, teachers in fulfilling their duty are to collaborate very closely with parents, who are to be heard willingly and for whom associations or meetings are to be established and highly esteemed.

Evangelization of Europe Evangelization: the spreading of the good news of Jesus Christ

France The conversion of Clovis, the king of the Franks, marked the beginning of the alliance between the rulers of France and the Church In later years, a new Christian empire will be founded under Charlemagne

Ireland Christianity became established in the fifth century, thanks largely to St. Patrick Irish St. Columba went to Scotland and founded a monastic community on the island of Iona Irish monks from Iona in turn began to evangelize northern England

England In 597, Benedictine St. Augustine was sent by Pope Gregory the Great to convert the Anglo-Saxons St. Augustine founded the first Benedictine monastery at Canterbury By the seventh century, all of England was Christian

Eastern Europe The most influential missionaries of eastern Europe were Sts. Cyril and Methodius; evangelizing the Slavic peoples By the 12 th century, virtually all of Europe was Christian

Personal Reflection Story of St. Patrick How are we called to share our faith today with others?

Charlemagne Charles the Great, or Charlemagne, was crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day 800

Charlemagne and education Said all monasteries should open schools to everyone Encouraged Biblical libraries Based off your research of monasteries, does Charlemagne’s decree about education continue today?

Types of Prayer Prayers of petition Intercession Thanksgiving Praise Blessing

Reasons for Arguments Why do you disagree with others sometimes? What do you disagree about?

The Schism of 1054 The Church was firmly established in the West (think Europe), with its seat of power in Rome In the East (think Asia Minor), the seat of power was with the emperor in Constantinople Tensions between the two powers came less over religious matters, but more over cultural and political differences A split, or schism, occurred in 1054, with the establishment of the Eastern Orthodox Church

Churches Eastern Church 21 Eastern Catholic Churches Own ancient traditions Own bishops, language, and liturgical customs Local angle: St. Melany’s Byzantine Catholic Church Western Church Roman Catholic Church

Effect Today Church is still divided Prayer for the unity of Catholic Church