Evaluation of ES-2 by the Occupant Safety Research Partnership of USCAR presented by Annette L. Irwin representing the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers and the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d ’ Automobiles

Background Occupant Safety Research Partnership of USCAR Conducted Tests with ES-2 –Full-Scale Vehicle Tests –Biofidelity Tests of ISO TR 9790 Results Published in 46th Stapp –Byrnes, et al., “ ES-2 Dummy Biomechanical Responses, ” Paper

Purpose To Evaluate –Modifications from EuroSID-1 to ES-2 –Biofidelity –Left-to-Right Symmetry –Repeatability –Reproducibility

Full-Scale Testing FMVSS 214 Configuration at 54 km/h 2 Small Sedans –EuroSID-1 Driver & Left Rear Passenger –ES-2 Driver & Left Rear Passenger 2 Large Sedans –EuroSID-1 Driver & Left Rear Passenger –ES-2 Driver & Left Rear Passenger

Results of Full-Scale Testing With Small Sedan EuroSID-1 Exhibited Rib Binding ES-2 Did Not Exhibit Rib Binding ES-2 Exhibited Rib Oscillation

Results of Full-Scale Testing With Large Sedan EuroSID-1 Exhibited Pubic “ Noise ” Spike ES-2 Did Not Exhibit Pubic “ Noise ” Spike

Biofidelity Testing ISO TR 9790 (1999) –23 Drop, Pendulum & Sled Tests –Assess Biofidelity of the Head, Neck, Shoulder, Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis –3 to 6 Repeat Tests Conducted –Some Tests Conducted on Both Sides –Some Tests Conducted on Two Different ES-2 Dummies

Results of Biofidelity Testing Head Test 1 – 200 mm Drop onto Rigid Surface

Pk. Resultant Head Accel. (G) Corridor ES-2

Results of Biofidelity Testing Neck Test 2 – 6.7 G Sled Test

Pk. Flexion Angle (degrees) Corridor ES-2

Results of Biofidelity Testing Shoulder Test 3 – 12.2 G Sled Test Corridor ES Pk. Lateral T1 Accel. (G)

Results of Biofidelity Testing Thorax Test 2 – 6.7 m/s Rigid Pendulum Impact Time (ms) Pendulum Force (kN) Corridor ES-2

Results of Biofidelity Testing Abdomen Test m Drop onto Rigid Armrest Time (ms) Armrest Force (kN) Corridor ES-2

Results of Biofidelity Testing Pelvis Test m/s Rigid Pendulum Corridor Pk. Pendulum Force (kN) ES-2

Results of Biofidelity Testing ES-2 Ratings by Body Region Unacceptable Marginal Fair Good Excellent Neck Shldr. Thorax Abd. Pelvis Overall Biofidelity Rating Head ES-2

ES-2 Biofidelity Compared to EuroSID-1 Unacceptable Marginal Fair Good Excellent Biofidelity Rating Head Neck Shldr. Thorax Abd. Pelvis Overall EuroSID-1 ES-2 ES-2 Exhibits Degraded Biofidelity of the Neck Shoulder Thorax

Results of Biofidelity Testing Reproducibility Concerns – 8.9 m/s Sled Time (ms) Abdomen Force (kN) Corridor TC ES-2 NHTSA ES-2

Results of Biofidelity Testing Reproducibility Concerns – 6.8 m/s Sled 2 Tests With NHTSA ES-2 Dummy 4 Tests With TC ES-2 Dummy

Results of Biofidelity Testing Reproducibility Concerns – 6.8 m/s Sled 28% Difference in Peak Pelvic Acceleration Between NHTSA and TC Dummies

Results of Biofidelity Testing Overall Biofidelity Rated Only Fair –Neck, Shoulder & Thorax Were Less Biofidelic Than EuroSID-1 Repeatability Acceptable Left-to-Right Symmetry Acceptable Reproducibility Not Acceptable

ES-2 Biofidelity Compared to WorldSID Thorax Test 2 – 6.7 m/s Rigid Pendulum Impact Time (ms) Pendulum Force (kN) Corridor ES-2 WorldSID prototype

ES-2 Biofidelity Compared to WorldSID Abdomen Test m Drop onto Rigid Armrest Time (ms) Armrest Force (kN) Corridor ES-2 WorldSID prototype

ES-2 Biofidelity Compared to WorldSID Pelvis Tests 1 & 2 – Rigid Pendulum Impacts Pendulum Velocity (m/s) Pendulum Force (kN) ES-2 Corridor WorldSID prototype

ES-2 Biofidelity Compared to WorldSID Unacceptable Marginal Fair Good Excellent WorldSID prototype ES-2 Head Neck Shldr. Thorax Abd. Pelvis Overall Biofidelity Rating

Conclusions Rib Binding Was Not Observed in Limited Tests With ES-2 Pubic “Noise” Spikes Were Not Observed in Limited Tests With ES-2 Rib Oscillations Were Observed With ES-2

Conclusions - continued Overall ES-2 Was Not Biofidelic –Rated Only Fair Repeatability, Left-to-Right Symmetry, and Durability Were Acceptable Reproducibility Was Not Acceptable Every Body Region of ES-2 is Less Biofidelic Than WorldSID Prototype

Acknowledgments Transport Canada –Providing ES-2 Dummy –Conducting Tests & Providing Data NHTSA –Providing ES-2 Dummy –Conducting Tests & Providing Data