Jordi Isern Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (CSIC-IEEC) MSc in Economics of Science & Innovation Innovation & Challenges: Nanotechnology & Space (1) Historical.

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Presentation transcript:

Jordi Isern Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (CSIC-IEEC) MSc in Economics of Science & Innovation Innovation & Challenges: Nanotechnology & Space (1) Historical perspective

Topics for a dissertation (25 min + 5 min discussion) 1.- Space tourism (Yeniceli/Okay) 2.- Economical impact of GPS systems (Appold/del Pozo/Slivko) 3.- Emergent Space Powers 4.- The GMES program of the EU 5.- Microgravity 6.- Space transportation & launchers 7.- Space tether & elevators 8.- Space debris 9.- Trends of space markets 10.- Space resources

The Fundamental Question: Pour quoi aller ailleurs si chez nous c’est mieux?

# Science & Technology are changing our world # Scientific discovery & technology development have a growing potential power # We have developped the technology to survey & utilize the space around the Earth => We are living in a 3D society!

# Benefits are huge: Global communication (telephone, television…) Global positioning systems (GPS, GALILEO… ) Efficient Earth exploration Improved science … # Drivers: Defence (USA-URSS military race…) Science Dreams

The dreams Icarus “Domingo Gonzales” Francis Godwin Hereford’s Bishop

Flash Gordon 1936 Just imagine 1930 Die Frau im Mond 1929 Captain Video TV series The dreams

When worlds collide 1951 Destnation Moon 1950

The Earth gravitational field is extremely strong The acceleration of the gravity at the Earth surface is: 9.8 m/s 2 All the terrestrial phenomena are affected by the gravity:

Why is so difficult to leave the Earth? We are leaving inside a gravitational well! The escape velocity is 11.6 km/s A huge amount of energy is necessary to escape from the Earth! ~ 72 MJ/kg or to lift a ship of 7000 tm 1 m from the ground

Newton’s cannon ball

Guns are not viable V ~ 2 km/s

Rocket Action reaction principle

Chinese Rockets

Conrad Haas (1551)

Siemenowicz multi-stage rocket, from his Artis Magnae Artilleriae pars prima Kazimierz Siemienowicz ( c. 1651)

The pioneers Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky

Liquid fuel oxidizer fuelBurning chamber nozzle

The pioneers The first successful launch of a liquid rocket was in 1926 by Robert H. Goddard t = 2,5 s h = 12,5 m l = 56 m v = 96 km/h

Hermann Oberth The pioneers

The first satellite Korolev

W. Von Braun (Saturn rocket) Apollo 11 launch

Apollo 11

Observation of the Sun by the ESA fleet

Solar prominence (304 Å) at the upper cromosphere (60,000 K) (SOHO) The Earth-Sun System Spacecrafts such as help us SOHO help us determine when flares and coronal mass ejections might affect Earth and our orbiting satellites.

Solar Dynamics Observatory (launched March 30th, 2010)

Ulysses: The first trip out of the ecliptics

Mercury

Venus (Magellan probe) Venus

Mars

Jupiter

Io: Galileo

Saturn

Titan

Uranus

Neptune

Pluto

The first interstellar Probes: Pioneer 2, Voyager 1, 2

The Earth seen from milion km Voyager 1 6/6/1990

The ISEE 3 trip Comet Halley’s nucleus Giotto (ESA)

International Space Station 2004

XMM-Newton Dec keV Grazing incidence mirrors ( 922 cm 1 keV) Spatial resolution 6” E/dE 1- 6 keV

Cas A observed with Chandra

Hubble Space Telescope