CH. 13 SECTION 2 TEXAS INDEPENDENCE

FLORIDA Transferred to America on July 17, 1821………Tallahassee named territorial capital. Fewer than 8,000 lived here. Planters from Georgia, Virginia and the Carolinas left their old plantations for new land ,000 lived there….slaves made up ½ of the population. Florida applies for statehood………wanted to enter as a slave state….. But it would upset the balance of power…….it would take six years before Congress would act. Iowa would be added as a free state………. John Tyler added Florida on March 3, 1945…….the next year Iowa was added.

COLONIZING TEXAS 1820-Texas was populated by about 3,000 Tejanos and a handful of Americans. Tejanos are people of Mexican heritage who consider Texas home. Most of the territory belonged to Native Americans(Comanche and Apache) Spain wanted more settlers to come so that they wouldn’t lose control of Texas. Early 1800’s---Spain offers large tracts of land to empresarios(people who agreed to recruit settlers) Stephen F. Austin—1821 established the first settlements along the Brazos and Colorado Rivers. Mexico gets its independence from Spain. Mexican govt. grants large tracts of land to each settler if they promised to become Mexican citizens, obey Mexico’s laws and accept the Roman Catholic faith. Austin gets the first 300 families---by 1831 about 5,665 people lived in his colony.

GROWING CONFLICTS More settlers moved into Texas without Mexico’s permission. These settlers didn’t promise anything. They wanted to keep their own culture. Another problem….many along the Brazos river wanted to keep their slaves but Mexico outlawed slavery. Another problem---Settlers wanted the same voice in govt. that they had in the U.S. By 1830 there were five times as many US settlers as there were Tejanos. Mexican congress bans all immigration. Austin meets with Gen. Antonio de Santa Anna to hopefully to get reforms for the people………Santa Anna throws him in jail. Santa Anna becomes dictator of Mexico……Texans believed it was time to break away from Mexico. Santa Anna ordered troops to occupy the Texas town of San Antonio….In Dec. hundreds of Texas attack the city and five days later the Mexican Army is chased out of San Antonio….The Texas Revolution had begun! Mr. G. is awesome !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

13 DAYS OF GLORY AT THE SIEGE OF ALAMO Sam Houston takes command of the Texas Army. March Texas soldiers defended a mission called the Alamo. Famous defenders= Davey Crockett, William Travis, and Jim Bowie Fought for 12 days……the Texans held out under overwhelming odds. On March 6----Santa Anna orders an all out attack By 9:00 a.m.---all the Alamo defenders were killed. Only a few women, children and slaves survived. THE BATTLE OF GOLIAD (aka the Goliad Massacre) Houston wanted to stop all future Alamo type battles. He tells Col. James Fannin to abandon the fort at Goliad. He waited a several days before leaving. As they leave, they run into the Mexican Army…..Fannin surrenders. Mexican Army begins to execute the prisoners(350 in all) Aracely, Kayla, and Hayden S. were here!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! U know u love meee ;) Annalisa is sweggish :P

BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO News of the two defeats(massacres) spread quickly….1,400 volunteers join Houston’s Army. Houston waits for the right time to attack Santa Anna. April 21, Mexican soldiers settled down for an afternoon nap. At that moment Houston attacks His soldiers yell REMEMBER THE ALAMO-REMEMBER GOLIAD Battle lasts only 18 minutes Mexican soldiers die only 9 Texans die. Santa Anna had disappeared from the fighting……they found him the next day hiding in tall grass. May 14, 1836—Santa Anna signs a peace treaty……he also signs a secret treaty that promised his support for Texas’ independence. September Houston is elected President of Texas. Wanted US to annex Texas…….President Jackson refused…

TEXAS BECOMES A STATE Mexico refused to recognize Santa Anna’s surrender agreement and fighting will continue. Texas also had an enormous debt and no way to repay it. Southerners wanted Texas annexed (slave state) Northerners didn’t. (would upset the balance) Van Buren didn’t take action. (afraid to start slave issue or start a war) Tyler pushed to have Texas annexed but Congress dragged their feet. Polk finally gets it done and on December 29 th, 1845 Texas becomes a state.