CHAPTER 9 – THE GREEK WORLD Sparta and Athens Fight.

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 9 – THE GREEK WORLD Sparta and Athens Fight

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What were the causes and effects of the Peloponnesian War?

A. ATHENIAN POWER 1.Many city-states formed an alliance, or an agreement to work together. 2.They agreed to defend each other and to protect trade in the Aegean Sea. 3.Each city-state gave money to the alliance. 4.The money was kept on the island of Delos, historians called the alliance the Delian League.

A. ATHENIAN POWER 5.Athens was the strongest member of the league. 6.They began to treat the other league members as subjects. 7.The refused to let members quit the league and forced more cities to join it. 8.Without even fighting, the Athenians made the Delian League an Athenian empire.

B. THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR 1.The Delian League was not the only alliance in Greece. 2.Many cities in southern Greece, including Sparta, banded together as well. 3.This alliance was called the Peloponnesian League. 4.To stop Athen’s growth, Sparta declared war, which began the Peloponnesian War.

B. THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR 5.In 431 BC, the Spartan army marched north to Athens, surrounding the city and waiting for the Athenians to come out and fight. 6.The Athenians did not come out and fight. 7.Instead, the Spartans began to burn the crops in the fields around Athens hoping Athens would run out of food and be forced to surrender. 8.The Athenians brought in food, instead, through the navy.

B. THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR 9.For 10 years neither side could gain an advantage over the other. Eventually they agreed to a truce. 10. Athens kept its empire, and the Spartans went home. 11. In 415 BC, Athens sent its army and navy to conquer the island of Sicily, but the effort failed. 12.The entire Athenian army was defeated by Sicilian allies of Sparta and taken prisoner. The Athenian navy was also destroyed.

B. THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR 13. Since Athens was weak, Sparta attacked Athens again and the war started up once more. 14. In 404 BC, the Athenians surrendered, the Peloponnesian War was over, and Sparta was in control.

C. FIGHTING AMONG CITY-STATES 1.For about 30 years, Sparta was the most powerful city- state in Greece. 2.Other city-states in Greece resented this control which led to a period of war. 3.The fighting went on for many years, Greece was weakened, and was left open to attack from the outside.