Aftermath of WWI (Ch. 20 and 21) L

The Red Scare Communism—economic, political system, single- party government, ruled by dictator, with no private property 1919 Vladimir I. Lenin, Bolsheviks, set up Communist state in Russia Communist Party forms in U.S Bombs mailed to government, businesses people fear Red conspiracy

Red Scare ( ) The Palmer Raids: Palmer, J. Edgar Hoover hunt down Communists, socialists, anarchists Anarchists oppose any form of government Sacco and Vanzetti Case: 1920, Sacco and Vanzetti, Italian immigrants, anarchists, arrested charged with robbery, murder trial does not prove guilt Sacco, Vanzetti executed 1927

The Quota System 1919–1921, number of immigrants grows almost 600% Quota system sets maximum number can enter U.S. from each country sharply reduces European immigration

The Impact of the Automobile Henry ford used the assembly line to mass produce automobiles Cars change life— paved roads, gas stations, motels, shopping centers Give mobility to rural families, women, young people

African-American Writers Harlem world’s largest black urban area; people from U.S. and Caribbean Harlem Renaissance— African-American literary, artistic movement express pride in African- American experience Langston Hughes’s poems describe difficult lives of working class many written in jazz, blues tempo Zora Neale Hurston shows the values of poor, Southern blacks in America

African Americans and Jazz Tin Pan Alley - is the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the U.S in the late 19th century and early 20th century - Irving Berlin- famous TPA writer who wrote both lyrics and music for his songs ***Jazz born in early 20th century New Orleans, spreads across U.S. ***Trumpeter Louis Armstrong makes personal expression key part of jazz *most influential musician in jazz history ***Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington—jazz pianist, orchestra leader *one of America’s greatest composers

Media in the 1920’s Radio is most powerful communications medium of 1920s Networks provide shared national experience can hear news as it happens The Movies: Silent movies already a national pastime Introduction of sound leads millions to attend every week