WASH Sustainability checks in Ethiopia Marieke Adank (IRC) and Ryan Schweitzer (AguaConsult) National WASH Multi-Stakeholder Forum 7 Hilton Hotel, December 16-17, 2015

Sustainability checks Sustainability checks provide insight into Status of service provision: Is service provision in line with norms and standards? Sustainability: Are the conditions for sustainable WASH service provision in place? The presentation: Findings from two sustainability checks

Overview: Two Sustainability Assessments ONEWASH Plus ( ) Your Health is in Your Hands ( ) Assessment Approach* UNICEF’s Sustainability Check USAID’s WASH Sustainability Index Tool (SIT) FocusSmall town and surrounding rural areas Rural areas (kebeles/kushets) Intervention types Water supply Sanitation Institutional WASH Water supply (handpumps/springs) CLTS-H Institutional sanitation Location7 towns and surrounding rural areas 12 woredas Regions Amhara, Oromia, Tigray, Somali Amhara, Oromia, Tigray, SNNPR

Status water services 12% no improved access 88% access to improved water supplies 48% improved access, but water use <20 lpcd 32% improved, water use at least 20 lpcd, but unreliable, not within 500 m or unacceptable quality 8% improved access with water use at least 20 lpcd of reliable water of acceptable quality within 500m. 7 small towns (Source: One WaSH Plus survey for UNICEF/DFID) Source: Survey by Tetra Tech / Aguaconsult for USAID Rural water interventions (YHYH) Town water services (ONEWASH Plus) Functionality rate public taps: 68% 2% improved access with water use in line with GTP2 within 250m.

Status sanitation services Households with latrine: 76% However, − Households with well-maintained latrine: 25% − Households with latrine with water and soap: 12% Schools with improved latrines: 71% However, − Schools with with appropriate number of holes for males and females: 12% − Schools with clean, safe, private sanitation: 11% Status institutional WASH ONEWASH Plus towns: YHYH: Source: Survey by Tetra Tech / Aguaconsult for USAID 7 small towns (Source: One WaSH Plus survey for UNICEF/DFID) ODF Not ODF Sanitary latrines Unsanitary latrines

Sustainability Sustainability Factors: Institutional (and management) Technical Financial Social Environmental Levels: National level “Service authority” level (woreda, zone, region) Service provider level (WASHCo, TWU, institutions, sanitation service providers) Scoring: On indicators related to sustainability factors at different levels from 0-100

MSF 7 7 small towns (Source: One WaSH Plus sustainability check for UNICEF/UKAid Example: School WASH

Example: Water service sustainability Service provider Indicator Score I Well-composed and trained WASHCo By laws and legal status of the WASHCo 29 T Presence of WASH artisans in the woreda 0 14 Spare part supply32 Routine (preventive) maintenance 11 F User payment and tariffs49 43 Financial management50 Revenue/standard annual expenditure balance 31 E WASHCo Water safety plan32 28 Sanitary Inspection 25 S Election of WASHCo by entire community Women representation in WASHCos 39 Service authority Indicator Score I Woreda WASH Team50 56 Woreda Water Office 50 Woreda level plan 75 Regional standard WASHCo by laws 50 T Checks on construction quality Monitoring of O&M and WASHCo performance 75 Scheme inventory and maintenance plan 75 F Woreda water office annual recurrent budget 0 25 Woreda water office logistics50 Rural water services around Wukro town National indicatorScore I National monitoring system25 National support to service authority25 TNorms for rural water services25 FAvailability of national budget25 ENational environmental protection standards25

Example: Overall sustainability scores per level (YHYH) EXAMPLE PRESENTATION TITLE Source: Survey by Tetra Tech / Aguaconsult for USAID

Lessons learnt: Main barriers to water service sustainability Rural water: Preventive maintenance; Spare part supply; Gender balanced WASHCo; Water Safety Plan; WWO recurrent budget. Urban water: Asset management; Town water utility staffing; Catchment management; No regulatory agency.

Lessons learnt: Main barriers to sanitation service sustainability CLTSH: Design/construction of latrines; Availability of low cost sanitation products and microfinance to increase ability of users to pay; Continued monitoring and support of communities. Urban sanitation: Access to fund for sanitation service providers; Sufficient logistics for town staff to monitor and follow-up; Safe disposal of solid and liquid waste.

Lessons learnt: Main barriers to sanitation service sustainability Menstrual hygiene facilities; Septic tank emptying practices; Sufficient logistics for woreda staff to monitor and follow-up; Safe disposal of solid and liquid waste.

Way forward USAID and the WASH Sustainability Index Tool: Fund/pilot the further refinement of sustainability assessment tools Adjust implementation approach Inform development of WASH portfolio UNICEF and ONEWASH Plus sustainability check: Annual sustainability checks To inform Sustainability Plans in intervention towns To adjust project interventions Questions for the way forward: Development of simplified version, to be applied by (local) government under OWNP? Integrate sustainability indicators in the national monitoring framework?

Thank You Information available: WASH Sustainability Index Tool (SIT): Report can be found at Resources on tool: ONEWASH Plus: