Chapter 8.2 – Creating The Constitution

The Constitution Saturday morning cartoon style!

Today’s target: Ch.8.2 Creating the Constitution Explain the challenges faced & compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention

Read, “One American’s Story” p. 243 What grave danger did Randolph believe the nation faced? What conflicts had already occurred to justify Randolph’s concerns?

The Call for a Constitutional Convention Thomas Jefferson & John Adams in favor but can’t attend; Patrick Henry refused to attend Fear of rebellion & need for national trade laws create need for change The “Founders” were state legislators, & wrote state constitutions Meetings held in secret; James Madison keeps detailed notes George Washington elected president of the convention Popular sovereignty is promoted (people rule); an elected national legislature would be the foundation

Some Challenges of the Convention Three-fifths Compromise = 3/5 of all slaves would counted for rep in legislature & taxes; Congress couldn’t ban slave imports until 1808 Virginia Plan= 3 branches w/checks & 2 house legislature w/ votes based on population v. New Jersey Plan = 1 house w/one vote per state balance between a gov’t strong enough to protect rights but not so strong that it would oppress them Great Compromise creates 2 house legislature = Senate w/one vote per state & House of Reps w/votes based on population 5. Slave question: south wanted slaves counted for rep but not taxes; north didn’t want slaves counted for rep. but counted for taxes 8. Passed on Sept. 17, 1787

Characteristics of those who attended the Constitutional Convention a. d. c. b.

1. Virginia plan consisted of: 2. New Jersey plan consisted of: 3. Who supported the Virginia plan?4. Who supported the New Jersey plan? 5. How did the Great Compromise settle this issue? C. (6) Explain the disagreement between North & South that was settled by the Three-Fifths Compromise:

Characteristics of those who attended the Constitutional Convention a. Well-educated b. Politically active (state legislators) c. Wrote state constitutions d. All were wealthy, white, men

1. The Virginia Plan proposed a legislature that consisted of: Two houses (2 parts) with representation according to population 2. The New Jersey Plan proposed a legislature that consisted of: One house (1 part) with each state having equal votes

3. Who supported the Virginia Plan? Large populated states 4. Who supported the New Jersey Plan? Small populated states

5. How did the Great Compromise settle this issue? It created a two-house legislature with representation by population in one house (House of Representatives) and equal representation for each state in the other house (Senate) Bicameralism = a 2 house legislature called “Congress”

Southerners Represented large numbers of slaveholders, wanted slaves to be counted for population (used to determine representation) but not counted for taxation purposes. Northerners Represented areas where there were fewer slaves, Wanted slaves to be counted for taxation purposes but not for Representation purposes. The Three-Fifths Compromise settled the issue by counting Three-fifths of the slave population for both representation & taxation. C.Explain the disagreement between Northerners & Southerners that was settled by the Three-Fifths Compromise:

1. Virginia plan consisted of: 2. New Jersey plan consisted of: 3. Who supported the Virginia plan?4. Who supported the New Jersey plan? 5. How did the Great Compromise settle this issue? C. (6) Explain the disagreement between North & South that was settled by the Three-Fifths Compromise:

Ch.8.3 – Ratifying the Constitution Read, “One American’s Story”, p. 249 What does Warren mean, “that they (the people) have an incontestable right to check the creatures of their own creation, (that are) vested with certain powers to guard the life, liberty, and property of the community?” They are entitled to self- government & protection from the powers of government

Ch.8.3 – Ratifying the Constitution Today’s target: 1) I.D. the positions of the Federalists & Antifederalists 2) Analyze how the Constitution created a stronger national government

Ch.8.2 Place the statements below in the correct position in the Venn diagram those that supported the Constitution; Madison, Hamilton, Jay explain that Constitution is based on Federalism – shared power Adding a bill of rights After much debate, all states had ratified the Constitution by 1790; both saw need for change Limiting power of the national government; protecting liberties

Federalists Antifederalists Favored : Supported by: Supported by: rural dwellers, farmers, large & prosperous states, Patrick Henry Division of powers; checks & balances those that supported the Constitution; Madison, Hamilton, Jay explain that Constitution is based on Federalism – shared power Adding a bill of rights After much debate, all states had ratified the Constitution by 1790; both saw need for change Limiting power of the national government; protecting liberties those that supported the Constitution; Madison, Hamilton, Jay explain that Constitution is based on Federalism – shared power After much debate, all states had ratified the Constitution by 1790; both saw need for change Adding a bill of rights Limiting power of the national government; protecting liberties

Place the powers listed below in the correct position in the Venn diagram Congress make laws Congress could not regulate trade No national executive branch Executive branch could enforce national laws Congress could collect taxes State equality in the Senate

Articles of Confederation Constitution Congress make laws Congress could regulate trade Representation in House of Reps based on population Congress could not collect taxes Congress could not regulate trade No national executive branch Congress could make war & peace Congress could issue paper money Executive branch could enforce national laws 6. No national courts 11. Congress could collect taxes State equality in the Senate

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Ch.8.3 – Ratifying the Constitution So, what is the debate? Compare perspectives on p. 250 Federalists – a strong national government will improve our nation better than individual states can & will protect freedoms as well as the states. Antifederalists – there are no checks on the power of a government that is run by a minority who have no knowledge of the situation of the masses.

1. What were the Federalists? People who supported ratification of the Constitution *It created a strong national government 2. What were the Antifederalists? People who opposed ratification of the Constitution *Feared a strong national government Ch. 8.3 – Ratifying the Constitution

3. Who were the leading Federalists? Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison 4. Who were the leading Antifederalists? Patrick Henry and George Mason

5.What reasons did the Federalists give to defend their views on the ratification? 1.Gave more power to the national government. 2. Divided powers among branches of government. 3. Want a single person lead the executive branch.

6.What reasons did the Antifederalists give to defend their views of the Constitution? 1.Powers to remain with the states. 2.Legislature to have more power than the executive. 3.Feared a strong executive 4.Demanded a Bill of Rights

Did not clearly protect people’s rights. Did not clearly limit the power of the government. A GUARANTEE WAS NEEDED! B. Summarize the arguments in favor of adding a bill of rights to the Constitution:

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