Passive & Active Transport

Types of Cellular Transport Animations of Active Transport & Passive Transport Types of Cellular Transport high low Weeee!!! Passive Transport NO energy Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport YES energy Protein Pumps Endocytosis Exocytosis high low This is gonna be hard work!!

Passive Transport High  Low No energy (ATP) Molecules move from high to low concentration Molecules move randomly High  Low high low Weeee!!!

3 Types of Passive Transport Diffusion Smaller molecules High to low NO energy (ATP) Facilitative Diffusion Larger molecules NO energy with the help of transport proteins Osmosis Diffusion of water

Simple Diffusion Animation Passive Transport Simple Diffusion Animation Diffusion Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (High to Low) Molecules continue to move until they are evenly spaced (equilibrium) Molecules will still move around but stay spread out http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Facilitated Diffusion (Channel Protein) Diffusion (Lipid Bilayer) Passive Transport A B 2. Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the membrane Transports larger or charged molecules (ex: Glucose) Facilitated Diffusion (Channel Protein) Diffusion (Lipid Bilayer) Carrier Protein http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Passive Transport 3. Osmosis Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane Water moves from high to low concentrations Osmosis animation Water moves freely through pores Solute (green) to large to move across

Osmotic Solutions = Affect how water moves Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

Universal Solvent = Water Solution is made up of two parts… 1. Solute – substance that is dissolved 2. Solvent – Does the dissolving Example: Ice Tea – water is the solvent and tea and sugar are the solutes + =

Hypotonic Solution (Low solute; High water) The solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell (Low solute; High water) Water will move into cell The cell will swell or burst Bursting is called cytolysis Trick: Hippos love water

Hypertonic Solution (High solute; Low water) The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell (High solute; Low water) Water will move out of cell The cell will shrivel or shrink Trick: Hyper like a viper

Isotonic Solution (equal solute, equal water) The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell. (equal solute, equal water) Water will move in & out of the cell at equal rates The cell will not change size Cell is at equilibrium “Iso” = same

Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic

How Organisms Deal with Osmotic Pressure Paramecium (protist) removing excess water video Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called tugor pressure. A protist like paramecium has contractile vacuoles that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over- expanding. Salt water fish pump salt out of their specialized gills so they do not dehydrate. Animal cells are bathed in blood. Kidneys keep the blood isotonic by remove excess salt and water.

Osmosis practice

Osmosis practice

Osmosis practice

Passive Transport Overview NO energy required (ATP) High to low concentrations Diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis 3 solutions Hypertonic, Hypotonic Isotonic

This is gonna be hard work!! Active Transport Uses energy Actively moves molecules Movement from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (Low  High) high low This is gonna be hard work!!

Types of Active Transport Sodium Potassium Pumps (Active Transport using proteins) Protein Pumps Require energy (ATP) Example: Sodium-Potassium pumps Protein changes shape to move molecules: this requires energy!

Types of Active Transport 2. Endocytosis: Large material entering a cell Endo= into Cytosis = cell Two Types Phagocytosis Pinocytosis This is how white blood cells eat bacteria!

Two Types of Endocytosis Phagocytosis = “cell eating” Trick: “Phago my eggo” 2. Pinocytosis: “cell drinking” Trick: “virgin pina colada”

Types of Active Transport 3. Exocytosis Material leaving the cell Exo = exiting Cytosis = cell Cell changes shape Requires energy Hormones or wastes released from cell Endocytosis & Exocytosis animations

In order to make hydrochloric acid, which is required in human digestion, ATP is used to move hydrogen ions from the blood to the stomach lining. This is an example of ___.   Active Transport Passive Transport Osmotic Potential Facilitated Diffusion