The Civil War U.S. History Ch. 17

Goals of Civil War Goals of Civil War President Lincoln’s goals for peace were forgiving; he wanted to work toward peace and unity

Goals of Civil War Goals of Civil War Lincoln was careful about slavery because he wanted the border states to remain with the Union More interested in uniting the Union than in freeing slaves

Strengths and Weaknesses North strengths Had a much larger free population Had greater manufacturing capability Had a strong navy and a large merchant fleet North weaknesses Would have to conquer huge area Invading unfamiliar land Lines of supply longer and open to attack

Strengths and Weaknesses South strengths Fighting a war for independence and defending their homeland Knew the southern countryside better Fought mostly a defensive war Fought for their property South weaknesses Few factories to produce weapons and other supplies Few railroads

Battles of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run 1 st major battle of war Need for well-trained soldiers Confederate victory War would be long and bloody

Battles of the Civil War Battle of Shiloh One of bloodiest battles Grant won battle in West (TN) Union victory

Battles of the Civil War Battle of Antietam No clear winner Bloodiest day of the war

Battles of the Civil War Battle of Fredericksburg One of Union’s worst defeats Confederate victory

Battles of the Civil War Battle of Chancellorsville General Jackson’s last battle Confederate victory

Battles of the Civil War Battle of Vicksburg Grant lay siege to Vicksburg, MS Siege: Military encirclement of an enemy position and blockading or bombarding it in order to force a surrender

Battles of the Civil War Battle of Vicksburg Mississippi River under Union control Union victory: successful strategy for winning the war

Battles of the Civil War Battle of Vicksburg Determination of General Grant helped the Union achieve one of its goals in the Civil War

Battles of the Civil War Grant’s plan for ending the war was to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy Sherman’s March to the Sea Sheridan’s advance into the Shenandoah Valley Total war: civilians were subject to the same hardships as enemy soldiers

Battles of the Civil War Battle of Gettysburg One of most important battles of Civil War Lee invaded North, into Pennsylvania Pickett’s Charge: attack on Union position by 15,000 Confederates

Battles of the Civil War Battle of Gettysburg Union victory Confederates never invaded North again Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address: to dedicate cemetery to 50,000 dead or wounded

Gettysburg Address “We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” –President Abraham Lincoln Profound statement of American ideals

End of the Civil War General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia on Union eventually attained all of its goals

Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln believed he could save the Union by broadening the goals of the war : added the abolition of slavery in the South to the Union’s war goals

Economic Problems Both North and South experienced inflation Inflation: rise in prices and decrease in the value of money Southern plantations began to grow food crops rather than just cotton

Riots in Cities Opposition to new draft law in 1863 led to riots in the North Required able- bodied men to serve in the military if called

Riots in Cities Certain rights were suspended to preserve public safety Habeas Corpus: right to have a hearing before being jailed. Martial Law: rule by army instead of by elected government

Southerners against Draft Small southern farmers resented the draft because men who owned more than 20 slaves were exempt from serving

African Americans in Civil War African Americans in the Union Army fought in major battles by 1863 Slaves contributed to the Union war effort by refusing to work on the plantations

Women in the Civil War Women worked as nurses; performed so well that nursing became accepted occupation for women after the war Confederate nurse Sally Tompkins set up a hospital in Virginia

Result of the Civil War Slavery was ended everywhere in the United States Turning point in history: Americans began to think of the country as one nation rather than as a confederation of states.