Chapter 15 Evolution

Objective: You will be able to differentiate between the types of evidence that support evolution. Read p Define homologous structures?

Figure Homologous structures: anatomical signs of descent with modification

Table 22.1 Molecular Data and the Evolutionary Relationships of Vertebrates

Figure 22.8 Overproduction of offspring

Figure 22.9 A few of the color variations in a population of Asian lady beetles

Figure Camouflage as an example of evolutionary adaptation

Figure Evolution of insecticide resistance in insect populations

Figure 24.5 Two main modes of speciation (a) Allopatric speciation. A population forms a new species while geographically isolated from its parent population. (b) Sympatric speciation. A small population becomes a new species without geographic separation.

Figure 24.6 Allopatric speciation of antelope squirrels on opposite rims of the Grand Canyon A. harrisi A. leucurus

Figure 24.9 One mechanism for allopolyploid speciation in plants Meiotic error; chromosome number not reduced from 2n to n Unreduced gamete with 4 chromosomes Hybrid with 7 chromosomes Unreduced gamete with 7 chromosomes Viable fertile hybrid (allopolyploid) Normal gamete n = 3 Normal gamete n = 3 Species A 2n = 4 Species B 2n = 6 2n = 10

Figure 25.2 An unexpected family tree

Unnumbered Figure p.497 Leopard Domestic cat Common ancestor Wolf

Figure 25.8 Hierarchical classification Panthera pardus Panthera Felidae Carnivora Mammalia Chordata Animalia Eukarya Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species