The 20 th Century Unit 7

The Boll Weevil What is the boll weevil? A tiny insect that hurt Georgia and the South by destroying cotton crops in the early 1900s. What is the boll weevil? A tiny insect that hurt Georgia and the South by destroying cotton crops in the early 1900s. What was the impact of the boll weevil? It was especially devastating to the South because farmers did not diversify (grow more than just cotton). Therefore, the only crop they had was destroyed. What was the impact of the boll weevil? It was especially devastating to the South because farmers did not diversify (grow more than just cotton). Therefore, the only crop they had was destroyed.

The Drought What is a drought? A drought is when there is a lack of rain. What is a drought? A drought is when there is a lack of rain. What impact did the drought have on Georgia? Without rain, farmers could not grow as much as they normally did, causing hard times for farmers and the region. What impact did the drought have on Georgia? Without rain, farmers could not grow as much as they normally did, causing hard times for farmers and the region.

The Great Depression What was the Great Depression? It was the worst financial crisis in US history that lasted throughout the 1930s. What was the Great Depression? It was the worst financial crisis in US history that lasted throughout the 1930s. What factors caused the Great Depression? Consumerism, overproduction, stock market crash What factors caused the Great Depression? Consumerism, overproduction, stock market crash

Black Tuesday October 29 th, 1929, the stock market crashed. October 29 th, 1929, the stock market crashed. Prices dropped drastically, setting off a financial panic. Prices dropped drastically, setting off a financial panic. The day became known as Black Tuesday; and is considered the start of the Great Depression The day became known as Black Tuesday; and is considered the start of the Great Depression

Depression in Georgia Cotton prices fell Cotton prices fell Farmers lost their land, and many migrated north in search of work. Farmers lost their land, and many migrated north in search of work. Large numbers of African-Americans left Georgia in search of work, and to escape the KKK. Large numbers of African-Americans left Georgia in search of work, and to escape the KKK. The movement north was called the Great Migration The movement north was called the Great Migration

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Often referred to as FDR Often referred to as FDR President during the Great Depression President during the Great Depression Launched a series of government programs called the New Deal Launched a series of government programs called the New Deal the New Deal programs did not end the Depression but did provide some relief. the New Deal programs did not end the Depression but did provide some relief.

New Deal Programs The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Social Security Act Social Security Act Rural Electrification Administration (REA) Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

Assignment: Create a foldable, pamphlet, mini-book, etc. describing each New Deal Program. Create a foldable, pamphlet, mini-book, etc. describing each New Deal Program. Create an illustration for each New Deal Program. Should be colored, creative, neat. Create an illustration for each New Deal Program. Should be colored, creative, neat. Foldable must be error free. Foldable must be error free. Due: Thursday, Feb. 25th Due: Thursday, Feb. 25th

Gov. Eugene Talmadge Governor of Georgia in , and Governor of Georgia in , and Opposed much of the New Deal Opposed much of the New Deal Helped to strengthen racism in Georgia Helped to strengthen racism in Georgia Reinforced the idea that the federal government was something for white southerner’s to fear. Reinforced the idea that the federal government was something for white southerner’s to fear.

World War II The Great Depression happened worldwide and affected most countries. The Great Depression happened worldwide and affected most countries. Germany was especially affected because they were trying to recover from having to pay for WWI. Germany was especially affected because they were trying to recover from having to pay for WWI. They were bitter and ready for new leadership. They were bitter and ready for new leadership.

Totalitarian Dictators in Europe A ruthless totalitarian leader named Adolf Hitler led his party, the Nazi Party, to power in Germany. A ruthless totalitarian leader named Adolf Hitler led his party, the Nazi Party, to power in Germany. totalitarian dictator – is a leader who holds all the power and does not allow any political opposition totalitarian dictator – is a leader who holds all the power and does not allow any political opposition Hitler blamed most of Germany’s economic problems on the Jews. Hitler blamed most of Germany’s economic problems on the Jews.

Before Hitler’s rise to power, Benito Mussolini, another totalitarian dictator, seized power in Italy. Before Hitler’s rise to power, Benito Mussolini, another totalitarian dictator, seized power in Italy. Mussolini and Hitler eventually became allies and led Europe into WWII. Mussolini and Hitler eventually became allies and led Europe into WWII. Another totalitarian leader was Tojo Hideki, leader of Japan. Another totalitarian leader was Tojo Hideki, leader of Japan.

Japan’s Aggression Japan grew increasingly aggressive in the Pacific. Japan grew increasingly aggressive in the Pacific. Japan needed natural resources and decided to conquer territory in the South Pacific. Japan needed natural resources and decided to conquer territory in the South Pacific.

Europe Goes to War Hitler wanted to conquer the Soviet Union (USSR). Hitler wanted to conquer the Soviet Union (USSR). His plan was to first, attack France and then Poland. His plan was to first, attack France and then Poland. He thought France would attack him from the west, if he attacks the USSR He thought France would attack him from the west, if he attacks the USSR Poland was the only country standing between Germany and the USSR. Poland was the only country standing between Germany and the USSR.

In 1939, Hitler began WWII in Europe when he attacked Poland. In 1939, Hitler began WWII in Europe when he attacked Poland. The following spring he attacked France. The following spring he attacked France. Hitler attempted to attack Great Britain, but was unsuccessful. Hitler attempted to attack Great Britain, but was unsuccessful. He later invaded the Soviet Union. He later invaded the Soviet Union. Europe was at war, however, the US was keeping an eye on Europe and Japan. Europe was at war, however, the US was keeping an eye on Europe and Japan.

Roosevelt Confronts Isolationism Many Americans did not want to go to war and supported isolationism. Many Americans did not want to go to war and supported isolationism. Americans wanted the US to stay out of the war; to stay as “isolated” as possible. Americans wanted the US to stay out of the war; to stay as “isolated” as possible. Winston Churchill, leader of Great Britain, begged the US for support, but FDR did not have enough support at home. Winston Churchill, leader of Great Britain, begged the US for support, but FDR did not have enough support at home.

Lend-Lease FDR did, however, help the war effort in other ways. FDR did, however, help the war effort in other ways. Under Lend-Lease, the US agreed to send supplies and aid to any nation whose defense was important to the national security of the United States. Under Lend-Lease, the US agreed to send supplies and aid to any nation whose defense was important to the national security of the United States. Some people did not support Lend-Lease because they wanted the US to remain neutral. Some people did not support Lend-Lease because they wanted the US to remain neutral.

Pearl Harbor Japan wanted to expand its empire but feared the US naval fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Japan wanted to expand its empire but feared the US naval fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The Japanese launched a surprise attack in hopes of destroying the fleet. The Japanese launched a surprise attack in hopes of destroying the fleet. On Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor killing thousands of US citizens. On Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor killing thousands of US citizens.

Germany and Italy honored a pact with Japan and declared war on the U.S. Germany and Italy honored a pact with Japan and declared war on the U.S. After years of avoiding war, the US now found itself in the middle of the greatest military conflict in history; World War II (WWII). After years of avoiding war, the US now found itself in the middle of the greatest military conflict in history; World War II (WWII).

Georgia and the War Georgia contributed to the war effort on land, in the air, and on the sea. Georgia contributed to the war effort on land, in the air, and on the sea. By the end of the war about 320,000 Georgians served in the armed forces. By the end of the war about 320,000 Georgians served in the armed forces. At home, many Georgians sacrificed by recycling, growing their own food, and helping where needed. At home, many Georgians sacrificed by recycling, growing their own food, and helping where needed.

Many women worked on jobs traditionally held by men. Many women worked on jobs traditionally held by men. Georgia’s textile industry also got a boost as it produced goods to support the war effort. Georgia’s textile industry also got a boost as it produced goods to support the war effort. Farmers would later benefit for producing much needed food to feed the troops. Farmers would later benefit for producing much needed food to feed the troops.

Georgia’s military bases played a crucial role in preparing the nation’s soldiers for war. Georgia’s military bases played a crucial role in preparing the nation’s soldiers for war. Many soldiers were trained on bases in Georgia. These bases included: Many soldiers were trained on bases in Georgia. These bases included: Fort Gordon (Augusta), Fort Benning (Columbus), and Fort Stewart (Savannah). Fort Gordon (Augusta), Fort Benning (Columbus), and Fort Stewart (Savannah).

Bell Aircraft In Marietta, the federal government established Bell Aircraft. In Marietta, the federal government established Bell Aircraft. Bell Aircraft produced many of the planes the nation needed, including 600 B-29 bombers. Bell Aircraft produced many of the planes the nation needed, including 600 B-29 bombers. Bell Aircraft went on to become Lockheed and created jobs for many Georgians. Bell Aircraft went on to become Lockheed and created jobs for many Georgians.

Shipyards Many historians believe that Georgia’s greatest military contribution to the war was its shipyards (places where ships are built). Many historians believe that Georgia’s greatest military contribution to the war was its shipyards (places where ships are built). Georgia had 2 major shipyards, one located in Savannah, and the other in Brunswick. Georgia had 2 major shipyards, one located in Savannah, and the other in Brunswick. Many of the ships they built were called Liberty Ships. Many of the ships they built were called Liberty Ships.

Richard Russell  Richard Russell served as the youngest member of the state legislature, youngest governor, and the youngest member of the US Senate.  He supported FDR’s New Deal programs  Russell was one of the first officials to argue that the US needed military bases in foreign territories for our national security.

Carl Vinson  Elected to the House of Representatives in 1914, and served over 50 years; longer than any congressman in US history at the time.  Served on the House Naval Affairs Committee where he was nicknamed “the father of the two-ocean navy”.  Long before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Vinson argued for a stronger navy.

Richard Russell and Carl Vinson  Both provided strong leadership in Washington as well as Georgia.  Each used his influence to direct as much war-time industry to Georgia as possible.  Their efforts strengthened the nation’s military, and helped the state to recover from the Great Depression.

Victory and Aftermath of War In June 1944, Allied troops successfully invaded France In June 1944, Allied troops successfully invaded France The Soviet Union (USSR) kept attacking Germany from the east. The Soviet Union (USSR) kept attacking Germany from the east. Hitler committed suicide once he realized he could not win. Hitler committed suicide once he realized he could not win.

On May 8, 1945, the US celebrated V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day) On May 8, 1945, the US celebrated V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day) About 3 months later, Japan surrendered after the US dropped the world’s first atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. About 3 months later, Japan surrendered after the US dropped the world’s first atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. World War II was over World War II was over

The Holocaust The world did not get the complete story about the Holocaust (complete or great destruction) until the end of the war. The world did not get the complete story about the Holocaust (complete or great destruction) until the end of the war. Hitler’s Nazi government orchastrated the mass murder of more than 6 million Jews and other people they felt were unfit to live. Hitler’s Nazi government orchastrated the mass murder of more than 6 million Jews and other people they felt were unfit to live. Many Jews were forced to live in concentration camps where many were murdered. Many Jews were forced to live in concentration camps where many were murdered.

The Effects of the Holocaust in Georgia Many Jewish families immigrated to Georgia in the late 1800s and early 20 th century. Many Jewish families immigrated to Georgia in the late 1800s and early 20 th century. Atlanta grew to include a large Jewish community. Atlanta grew to include a large Jewish community. Although many sympathized with plight of the Jews, others were fearful; causing anti- Semitism (prejudice against Jews) and support for a Jewish homeland. Although many sympathized with plight of the Jews, others were fearful; causing anti- Semitism (prejudice against Jews) and support for a Jewish homeland.

Many Jewish Georgians were thrilled when the United Nations formally recognized the nation of Israel as a Jewish state in Many Jewish Georgians were thrilled when the United Nations formally recognized the nation of Israel as a Jewish state in This recognition sparks controversy even today and has resulted in conflicts in the part of the world know as the Middle East. This recognition sparks controversy even today and has resulted in conflicts in the part of the world know as the Middle East.

Farewell to FDR  Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the only president in US history to serve more than 2 terms in office.  As a young he contracted polio and was confined to a wheelchair for the rest of his life.  Before he became president, he learned about Warm Springs (located in Meriwether County, GA).

 Warm Springs had natural pools of warm water that helped to relieve some of the affects of polio.  In 1932, FDR built a home there called the Little White House.  On April 12, 1945 FDR died while vacationing in Warm Springs.  He was known as a friend to Georgians.