Standard 1: Invertebrates Zoology Standard 1: Invertebrates

List 5 characteristics of members of the Kingdom Animalia. Warm-up List 5 characteristics of members of the Kingdom Animalia.

Characteristics of Animals Eukaryotes Multicellularity Heterotrophy Sexual reproduction Diploidy Specialized tissues Blastula formation Mobility -No cell wall

Heterotrophy Multicelluar Blastula Formation Diploidy Mobility Tissues

Animal Concept Map Mobitiy Tissue Primary Tissue Layers Sexual Reproduction Body Plan External Bilateral Symmetry Radial Symmetry

Invertebrate Portfolio Phyla Achor Docs Invertebrate Species Project (Individual) Phylum Presentation (Group) Lab Notes (12 specimens)

Invertebrates Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone. Invertebrates are cold-blooded. Eight Major Phylums

INVERTEBRATES = No Backbone

Eight Major Phyla Porifera: Sponges Cnidaria: Jellyfish, Hydra, Anemone, Coral Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Nemotoda: Roundworms Arthropoda: Insects, Crustaceans, Spiders, Millipedes, Centepedes Mollusca: Clams, snails, Slugs, Nautilus, Octopus Annelida:Segmented worms, leeches Echinodermata: Sea Stars, Sea Urchins

Phylum Porifera: Sponges

Symmetry: Asymmetrical No fixed arrangement of body parts Lack cephalization (no head!) No symmetry exists

Choanocytes line the gastrovascular cavity & capture food Amebocytes digest & distribute food

Specialized Cells Choanocytes (collar cells) line inside of body cavity Have flagella that spins to pull in water & food Collar traps plankton (food) from water Collar

Sponge Feeding Filter feeders Feed on Plankton Filter Feeders

Water Flow Through the Sponge WATER OUT Water Flow Through the Sponge WATER IN Osculum

Sponge Reproduction Sponges reproduce asexually by budding

Sponge releasing eggs & sperm Sponge Reproduction Sponges are hermaphrodites (produce both eggs & sperm) Sponges reproduce Sexually by releasing eggs & sperm Cross-fertilize each other’s eggs Sponge releasing eggs & sperm

Skeletal Structure of the Sponge Spicules are hard spear or star-shaped structures Skeleton made of network of protein fibers called Spongin

Sponge Skeletons Silica Spicules Limestone Spicules SPONGIN

Sponge Skeletons VENUS FLOWER BASKET SPICULES

Sponge Taxonomy Class Calcarea Calcareous Sponges Sponges with calcium carbonate spicules only. Spicules are straight or have 3-4 rays These sponges diversity is greatest in the tropics, predominantly in shallow waters

Class Hexactinellida Glass Sponges Glass sponges Characterized by siliceous (silica) spicules consisting of six rays intersecting at right angles

Skeletons are spongin fibers and/or siliceous spicules Class Demospongiae Demosponges More than 90 % of the 5,000 known living sponge species are demosponges. Skeletons are spongin fibers and/or siliceous spicules Yellow sponge growing on a wall on a Caribbean reef.

Branching Tube Sponge

Stove Pipe Sponge

Vase Sponges

Barrel Sponges

Ball Sponges

Rope Sponges

The Shape of Life What was the FIRST animal? How can we find this out and prove it? The Shape of Life “Origins”