Early Childhood Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development

Quiz 7 1.On the average, children add _______ inches in height and about _______ pounds in weight each year. 2.Childhood immunizations __________ a. have contributed to the rising number of children diagnosed with autism. b. have led to a dramatic decline in childhood diseases in the past half century. c. are unnecessary for healthy and well-nourished children. d. have had little impact on rates of childhood diseases in industrialized nations. 3.Match Piaget’s limitations of preoperational thought with their descriptions. _______ Failure to distinguish the symbolic viewpoints of others from one’s own; the most fundamental deficiency of this stage _______ Belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities, such as thoughts, wishes, feelings, and intentions _______ Tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important features _______ Inability to mentally go through a series of steps in a problem and then reverse direction, returning to the starting point _______ Inability to organize objects into classes and subclasses on the basis of similarities and differences A. Animistic thinking B. Centration C. IrreversibilityD. EgocentrismE. Lack of hierarchical classification 4.True/False Piaget and Vygotsky view children’s private talk in much the same way.

Summary of Milestones during Early Childhood Physical Development (ch. 7) Add about 2-3” and 5 lb. per year Gradually loose “baby fat” and thin Brain increase to about 90% of final adult size Many children become picky eaters Auto and traffic accidents, drowning and burns are the most common injuries Gross motor improvements include: better balance, running, jumping, riding a tricycle, and catching and throwing a ball Fine motor improvements include: self help skills, such as feeding and dressing, and drawing and writing improvements Cognitive Development (ch. 7) Piaget’s Preoperational Stage – increases in representational, or symbolic, activity, but with many cognitive limitations (e.g., egocentrism and lack of conservation) Beginning of sociodramatic play, or make- believe play with others Both Piaget and Vygotsky discuss childrens’ private speech, but view it very differently Theory of Mind, or think about thinking develops; also called metacognition Emergent literacy, where children learn by being immersed in a language rich environment Great increases in vocabulary development; grammar and pragmatic language also increases

Summary of Milestones during Early Childhood Emotional and Social Development (ch. 8) Erikson’s Theory of Initiative vs. Guilt Self-concept develops, as does self- esteem Children become better at emotional identification and regulation Play becomes more sophisticated, and is considered by many to be the “work” of young children Child may display altruism or aggression Gender identity develops