Leadership What is leadership? Who are our leaders? What makes them so special? How do they become leaders? Can we be like them?

Top 25 Influential Business Leaders:CNN Greatest Leaders of Century _3ways-list.html Europe’s Top Business Leaders w.jsp?action=showRelease&searchText=false&s howText=all&actionFor= Leadership Styles of Top Business Leaders Developing Leaders in Top Companies

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Leadership by Colin Powell 1.Being responsible sometimes means pissing people off. 2.The day the stop bringing you their problems is the day you have stopped leading them. 3.Don’t be buffaloed by experts & elites. 4.Don’t be afraid to challenge the pros, even in their own backyards. 5.Never neglect details. 6.You don’t k now what you can get away with until you try. 7.Keep looking below surface appearances.

8. Endeavors succeed or fail because of the people involved. 9.Organization charts and titles count for next to nothing. 10. Never let your ego get so close to your position that when your position goes, your ego goes with it. 11. Fit no stereotypes. Don’t chase fads. The situation dictates the best approach. 12. Perpetual optimism is a multiplier. 13. Powell’s rules for picking people: look for intelligence and judgment; capacity to anticipate, to see around corners; loyalty; integrity; high energy drive; balanced ego; drive to get things done.

14. Great leaders are great simplifiers. 15. Use the formula P=40 to 70; Once info is in the 40-70, range, go with your gut. 16. Commander in the field is always right and rear echelon is wrong, unless proven otherwise. 17. Have fun in your command. Surround yourself with people who take their work seriously, but not themselves. 18. Command is lonely.

Ten Steps to the Top Management Centre Europe 1. You manage things, you lead people. 2. Have a clear idea and sense of purpose. 3. Leaders need courage as not always popular. 4. Leaders have a potent point of view. 5. Leader needs constancy.

6. Leaders need candor. 7. Limit self to several key objectives. 8. Leaders borrow, benchmark, and stamp out NIH mentality. 9. Leaders are self-made. 10. Be yourself. Leadership effectiveness = quality of decision x acceptance of decision

LEADERSHIP What is leadership? Who are the leaders? What do they do? Why are they considered leaders? How do you characterize them?

Leadership Energetic process of getting other people fully and willingly committed to a new course of action to meet commonly agreed objectives whilst having commonly held values.

Bad Leadership World’s Ten Most Corrupt Leaders /A html

Leadership as a Lifelong Process Training Early years at home Formal education Self-knowledge (exploration & experimentation) Communication Specific leadership training Extra-curricular activities

Leadership Development Role models Mentors On-the-job experiences Cross-boundary experience Off-site experience Mid-career renewal

Leadership Focus Envision Enable Empower Energize

Studying Leadership Trait Approach Behavioral Approach Contingency Approach Modern Theories

TRAIT THEORY Intelligence Extroversion Self-assurance Empathy

Relative Importance of Trait Leadership Characteristics Very Important Supervisory Ability Intelligence Occupational Achievement Decisiveness Self-actualization Self-assurance Moderately Important Lack of need for security Initiative Working class affinity Maturity Lack of need for financial reward Unimportant Masculinity-femininity

Behavioral Theories Ohio State Studies: Initiating Structure - Consideration University of Michigan Studies Production Orientation – Employee Orientation Managerial Grid – Blake & Mouton Concern for Production – Concern for People

Managerial Grid “Country Club Mgt” “Team Mgt” “ MOR Mgt” “Abdicator Mgt” “Autocratic Mgt” Concern for Production Concern for People Blake and Mouton

CONTINGENCY THEORIES Continuum (Tannenbaum & Schmidt) Path-Goal Model Leadership-Participation Model Contingency Model (Fiedler) Life Cycle Theory (Hersey & Blanchard)

Continuum of Leadership Tannenbaum & Schmidt Freedom for followers Freedom for leader Tells Sells Consults Joins

Continuum of Leadership Tannenbaum & Schmidt Freedom for followers Freedom for leader Tells Sells Consults Joins Make decision & announce “Sell Decision” Present ideas; invite questions Tell tentative decision, subject to change Present problem; get suggestions; make dec Define limits; group decides Permit followers to decide in limits

Path-Goal Model Leader assists others in reaching goals compatible with organizational goals Leader deals with 2 variables: 1. Environmental (outside follower control) 2. Follower (part of person) Leader must compensate for these factors that are lacking. Environmental Contingencies Leader Behavior Outcomes Follower Contingencies

Path-Goal Theory Leader Behs: Directive Supportive Participative Achievement-focused Environmental Factors Tasks Authority Work Group Outcomes Satisfaction Performance Followers Perceptions Motivation Follower Chars: Locus of control Experience Ability

FIELDER: CONTINGENCY MODEL Concern for leader- follower relations Concern for task success and task related problems

LIFE CYCLE THEORY High Relationship/ Low Task High Task/ High Relationship Low Relationship/ Low Task High Task/ Low Relationship (Low) Task Behavior (High) (Low) Relationship Behavior (High)

LIFE CYCLE THEORY (Low) Relationship Behavior (High) HIGH RELATIONSHIP/ LOW TASK HIGH TASK/ HIGH RELATIONSHIP LOW RELATIONSHIP/ LOW TASK HIGH TASK/ LOW RELATIONSHIP (LOW) Task Behavior (High) M4 M3 M2 M1 MATURITY OF FOLLOWERS

Foundations of Leadership: Trust TRUST Positive Expectations History-dependant Opportunistic Willingness Determinants of Trust Integrity Competence Consistency Loyalty Openness

Types of Trust Deterrence-based Trust Fragile One violation/inconsistency fatal Based on fear of reprisal Knowledge-based Trust Organizational favorite Behavioral predictability Information vs. deterrence Not broken by inconsistency Identification-Based Trust Emotional connection Allows substitution/agency Based upon mutual understanding Requires long history

CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES Charismatic Leadership Transactional Leadership and Transformational Leadership Emotional Intelligence Self-Leadership Superleadership

CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP Provides inspiring goals Generates new ideas for future Recognizes abilities of others Recognizes limits of others Influences others through liking and respect Takes personal risks for org. Uses nontrad means to achieve goals Exhibits unique, surprising behaviors

CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP Status Quo OK Goal=Status Quo Shared ideas=likable Disinterested advocacy Expert in existing Conventional behavior Low envir. sensitivity Weak articulation of future Position & reward power Egalitarian, consensus- seeking or directive Nudges people to share ideas Opposes Status Quo Idealized Vision not SQ Shared ideas=likable & hero for imitation Disinterested advocacy at great personal costs/risk Expert at unconventional Counternormative behavior High envir. Sensitivity Strong articulation of future Personal power Elitist, entrepreneur, & exemplary Transforms people to share changes advocated NonCharismatic Charismatic

Self-Leadership Model Self-Leadership Encourage employees to create self-set goals Encourage use of self rewards to create behaviors (no outside punishment) Create positive thought patterns Create climate of self-leadership Encourage self criticism

Emotional Intelligence Intelligence & job knowledge not Sufficient for leadership = Threshold Capabilities Only Emotional Intelligence = Self awareness Self management Self motivation Empathy Social Skills 90% difference stars vs. average performers due to EI

1. Know yourself and seek improvement 2. Seek/take responsibility for your actions 3. Make sound & timely decisions 4. Be/set an example 5. Know “your” people and look after their well-being well. 6. Be responsibility for self and –ees. 7. Follow-through 8. Build the team continuously 9. Keep subordinates informed -- always 10. Evaluate unit regularly 11. Establish leadership over & over & over. 12. Have integrity: Do what you say. Say what you do. Principles of Leadership: Miree Modification