Chapter 4, Socialization Coming to Terms: Palestinians and Israelis Nature and Nurture The Importance of Social Contact Individual and Collective Memory The Role of Groups Symbolic Interactionism and Self-Development Cognitive Development

Process of Socialization Begins after birth and continues through life. Develop human capacities and acquire a unique personality. Accept norms, values, beliefs, and languages needed to participate in the community. Enables culture to be passed on from generation to generation.

Palestinian and Israeli Conflict Sociologists ask: 1. How do members of a new generation learn about and come to terms with the environment they inherited? 2. How is conflict between groups passed down from one generation to another?

Nature and Nurture Both are essential to socialization. Human genetic makeup is flexible enough to enable a person to learn the values, beliefs, norms, behavior and language of any culture. Ideas are learned through interaction with others.

Groups Two or more people who do the following: 1. Share a distinct identity. 2. Feel a sense of belonging. 3. Interact directly or indirectly with one another.

Primary Groups Fundamental in forming the social nature and ideals of the individual Family Sports team Military unit

How Children Learn to Take the Roles of Others Three stages, each more sophisticated: 1. Imitation - mimic and imitate people in their environment. 2. Play - allows children to practice role taking. 3. Games -include rules and structure.

Children and Games Through games, children learn to: 1. Follow established rules. 2. Take the roles of all participants. 3. See how their position fits in relation to all other positions.

Looking Glass Self People act as mirrors for each other. We see ourselves reflected in other’s reactions to our appearance and behaviors.

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development 1. Sensorimoter stage (birth to age 2) 2. Preoperational stage (ages 2 to 7) 3. Concrete operational stage (ages 7 to 12) 4. Formal operational stage (onset of adolescence onward)

Resocialization Discarding values and behaviors unsuited to new circumstances Happens naturally over a lifetime: marriage, parenthood, new jobs, etc. Can be imposed: prisons, mental institutions, schools.