Human Resource on Health: Gender Dimension Churnrurtai Kanchanachitra, Suwit Wibulpolprasert, Thaksaphol Thammarangsri

Objectives To investigate the differences between gender, mobility from –rural to urban areas –public to the private sector –training opportunities –career development Data collected from cohorts (1973, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993) from a cohort retrospective survey of doctor mobility conducted by Suwit et al in 1998

Sampling Population CohortMaleFemale Number%Number%

Income level and working hours

Income Level (percent) FemaleMale <20,000 20, ,000 40, ,000 60, ,000 >80,000

Working hour by full-time equivalent (40hour = 1 FTE) FemaleMale <

Average working hour per week

Percentage of income from private sector as compared to total income Female Male 1-24%25-49%Private only 50-74%75-99%Public only

Type of specialist training by sex and year graduated FemaleMale SurgeryObs-gynMedicinePediatric Orthopedic Radiologist Others

Average number of years from graduation to specialist training

Percentage of doctors moving from district to urban area

Average number of years working in district hospital before moving

Survival function of male doctors in district hospital

Survival function of female doctors in district hospital

Percentage of doctors moving from public to private

Average number of years working in public sector before moving to private

Survival function of male doctors in public sector

Survival function of female doctors in public sector

Factors related to relocation from district hospitals to urban areas or to Bangkok (LPM) Male-0.106*** ** *** *** Khon Kaen *** Chiangmai-0.132** Srinakarinwirot0.419* Songkla-0.152*

Time (years) worked in district hospitals before moving to urban areas or to Bangkok (LPM) Male *** *** *** *** % of public 0.010**

Summary Older cohorts work longer in rural areas than the younger cohortsOlder cohorts work longer in rural areas than the younger cohorts Women stay shorter and are more likely to move to urban areasWomen stay shorter and are more likely to move to urban areas Majority of doctors moved out after 3 yearsMajority of doctors moved out after 3 years If they can survive after 5 years, it is less likely to move outIf they can survive after 5 years, it is less likely to move out Graduated from Universities outside Bangkok are more likely to stay in rural areasGraduated from Universities outside Bangkok are more likely to stay in rural areas