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4. Sensory and motor innervation of the whole lower limb arises from the spinal roots L1-S4 Lumbal plexus Sacral plexus

5. Anterior rami of upper 4 lumbar spinal nerves (+L5) and from the contribution of subcostal nerve (T12) in the lumbar region, within the psoas major muscle.

6. iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves L1 gives rise to the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves genitofemoral nerve L1 + L2 gives rise to the genitofemoral nerve lateral femoral cutaneous L2 + L3 gives rise to the lateral femoral cutaneous femoral and obturator nerves L2 + L3 + L4 give rise to the femoral and obturator nerves L4 + L5 give rise to the lumbosacral trunk which joins sacral nerves to form the sacral plexus.

7. (L2-L4) largest branch both motor and sensory. Emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major Flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee Skin of the anterior and lateral thigh, medial leg and foot

8. largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve continuation of the femoral nerve Skin of medial aspects of leg and foot

9. Emerges from the medial border of the psoas major Leaves the lesser pelvis through the obturator canal Skin on the superior medial thigh Adductor muscles of the leg

10. Descending part of the L4 nerve unites with the anterior ramus of the L5 nerve to form the lumbosacral trunk lumbosacral trunk. Participates in the formation of the sacral plexus with the anterior rami of S1-S4 nerves.

11. Enter the abdomen and run obliquely across the quadratus lumborum muscle behind the kidney. Abdominal muscles Skin of the inguinal and pubic regions Skin of the inguinal and pubic regions.

12 Pierces the psoas major and emerges on its anterior surface. Skin of the middle anterior thigh; male scrotum and cremaster muscle; female labia majora Skin of the middle anterior thigh; male scrotum and cremaster muscle; female labia majora.

13. Runs inferolaterally on the iliacus and enters the thigh deep to the inguinal ligament/iliopubic tract Skin on the anterolateral surface of the thigh

14 The lumbar plexus is also connected with the lumbar part of the sympathetic nervous system via two or three long communicating branches.

15. anterior rami of S1 to S4, and the lumbosacral trunk (L4 and L5). formed in relation to the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle located on the posterolateral wall of the lesser pelvis.

16. o Largest nerve in the body. o The most lateral structure emerging through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis and enters the gluteal region o Posterior aspect of the thigh and the entire leg and foot

17. long head of the biceps femoris quadratus femoris muscle o Leaves the gluteal region by passing deep to the long head of the biceps femoris,at the lower margin of the quadratus femoris muscle common peroneal tibial nerves o Divides into the common peroneal and tibial nerves, at a variable site above the popliteal fossa

18. perineum sensory nerve of the external genitalia o Main nerve of the perineum and the chief sensory nerve of the external genitalia o Enters the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle & medial to the sciatic nerve. lesser sciatic foramen o Passes through the lesser sciatic foramen to enter the perineum. o no branches in the gluteal region.

19. Superior gluteal nerve superior to piriformis muscle leaves the pelvic cavity through the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis muscle gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae lata Inferior Gluteal Nerve gluteus maximus post. thigh,leg,foot skin of the foot and lateral leg

20. Nerve to Quadratus Femoris Nerve to Obturator Internus Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh Perforating cutaneous nerve

21. S5 and Co o A minor contribution from S4 and is formed mainly by the anterior rami of S5 and Co, which originate inferiorly to the pelvic floor. o Skin in the anal triangle of the perineum

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23. (G. gloutos, buttocks) transitional region between trunk & lower limbs

24. Deep Superficial

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26. Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament Iliotibial tract & gluteal tuberosity of femur External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

27. Muscles in the gluteal region mainly abduct, extend, and laterally rotate the femur abduct, extend, and laterally rotate the femur relative to the pelvic bone.

28. Superior gluteal nerve Gluteus minimus & medius Tensor fascia latae Inferior gluteal nerve Gluteus maximus Nerve to the quadratus femoris Quadratus femoris Gemellus inferior Nerve to the obturator internus Obturator internus Gemellus superior Nerve to the piriformis Piriformis

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30. Lymph from deep tissue superior & inferior gluteal lymph nodes internal,external,common iliac lymph nodes lateral lumbar (aortic/caval) lymph nodes Lymph from superficial tissue superficial inguinal lymph nodes external iliac lymph nodes