Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 1 Transient Gain Dynamics in Saturated Raman Amplifiers with Multiple Counter-propagating.

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Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 1 Transient Gain Dynamics in Saturated Raman Amplifiers with Multiple Counter-propagating Pumps Alberto Bononi and Matteo Fuochi Dipartimento di Ingegneria dellInformazione, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181A, Parma, Italy Motivation Amplifier block diagrams Model assumptions and limitations Examples Conclusions

Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 2 MOTIVATION

Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 3 AMPLIFIER BLOCK DIAGRAMS Y. Sun et al. JSAQE Aug 97 A. Bononi et al. JLT May 98 S. Novak et al. JLT June 02 |H Average inversion

Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 4 AMPLIFIER BLOCK DIAGRAMS A. Bononi et al. OFC 02 Pump attenuation Walk-off Pump depletion %

Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 5 Filters: depend on unsaturated pump profile Closed-form formula available RAMAN AMPLIFIER BLOCK DIAGRAM

Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 6 RAMAN AMPLIFIER BLOCK DIAGRAM No signal-signal Raman Xtalk in amplification region A. Bononi et al. El. Lett. July 01 D. N. Christodoulides et al. PTL Dec. 96 Direct signal-signal Raman xtalk can be easily added using known model

Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 7 RAMAN AMPLIFIER BLOCK DIAGRAM No signal-signal Raman Xtalk in amplifier No noise (ASRS) No Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) Pump depletion < 30 % Applicable only to backward pump

Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 8 EXTENSION TO MULTIPLE PUMPS Direct Signal-signal Raman xtalk

Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 9 EXTENSION TO MULTIPLE PUMPS Filters: unsaturated pump profiles Raman coefficient Unsaturated gain Need to solve steady-state pump propagation equations to find (bias point) No closed-form filters formulae available

Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 10 EXAMPLE: ultra-wide bandwidth system NZDSF, L=80 km 1423 nm Pumps 1443 nm 1464 nm 1465 nm (590 mW) C. R. S. Fludger et al. OFC nm 1610 nm 1 80 CW Signals (1 mW/ch) Static error < 0.3 dB

Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 11 EXAMPLE: ultra-wide bandwidth system All 80 channels ON/OFF modulated, 1 mW ON power, slot time 200 s Dynamic error < 0.3 dB Computation time on a laptop: model: 2 min; exact: 2 hours!

Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 12 LIMITS OF MULTIPUMP MODEL less accuracy with resonant pumping (nm) Static Dynamic Gain (dB) Error (dB) (nm) Static Dynamic

Università di Parma March 27, 2003 OFC2003, ThC6 - A.Bononi and M. Fuochi 13 CONCLUSIONS Extended Raman amplifier block diagram to multiple pumps Large computational saving for large WDM systems Limits: moderate pumps depletion < 30 % less accurate with resonant pumping works only for backward pumps