POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF SPACE

STATES State State Nevada or Canada? Nevada or Canada? An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs. An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs. A key to a state is sovereignty A key to a state is sovereignty Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. So the 50 States of the U.S. are subdivisions within a single state So the 50 States of the U.S. are subdivisions within a single state Limited sovereignty Limited sovereignty There are 193 states recognized by the U.N. There are 193 states recognized by the U.N. Up from 50 in the 1940s Up from 50 in the 1940s

COLONIES Colony – A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent. Colony – A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent. Colonialism – Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. This is also known as Imperialism Colonialism – Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. This is also known as Imperialism

COLONIALISM Colonial Era Colonial Era European states, 1400s European states, 1400s Why? Why? Spread Christianity (God) Spread Christianity (God) Resources (Gold) Resources (Gold) Number of colonies = power (Glory) Number of colonies = power (Glory) European states lost their colonies in the Western Hemisphere during the 1700 & 1800 European states lost their colonies in the Western Hemisphere during the 1700 & 1800 “The sun never set on the British Empire” “The sun never set on the British Empire”

“BRITISH HAVE INVADED NINE OUT OF TEN COUNTRIES - SO LOOK OUT LUXEMBOURG”

IMPERIALISM Berlin Conference Berlin Conference A conference regulating European colonization and trade in Africa, held in Berlin, Germany in It resulted in the “Scramble for Africa,” and the subjugation of African nations. A conference regulating European colonization and trade in Africa, held in Berlin, Germany in It resulted in the “Scramble for Africa,” and the subjugation of African nations. 14 Countries represented 14 Countries represented Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden- Norway ( ), Turkey (Ottoman Empire) & the U.S. Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden- Norway ( ), Turkey (Ottoman Empire) & the U.S. At the start of the conference, only the coastal areas had been colonized; by the end, the interior of Africa was carved up (with no regard for religious, political or linguistic boundaries) At the start of the conference, only the coastal areas had been colonized; by the end, the interior of Africa was carved up (with no regard for religious, political or linguistic boundaries) Imperialism – Control of a territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous group. Imperialism – Control of a territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous group.

IMPERIALISM Scramble for Africa Scramble for Africa Major holdings included: Major holdings included: 1.Great Britain: Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Nigeria & Ghana 2.France: West Africa (Mauritania to Chad), Gabon, Republic of Congo 3.Belgium: Democratic Republic of Congo 4.Portugal: Mozambique & Angola 5.Italy: Somalia & coastal Ethiopia 6.Germany: Namibia & Tanzania 7.Spain: Equatorial Guinea

COLONIAL WORLD, 1914

END OF IMPERIALISM Most African & Asian colonies became independent after WWII. Most African & Asian colonies became independent after WWII. Asian & African UN members Asian & African UN members 1945 = = = = 106 Still some colonies Still some colonies 43 according to the U.S. State Department 43 according to the U.S. State Department Most islands in Pacific or Caribbean Most islands in Pacific or Caribbean Most populous is Puerto Rico Most populous is Puerto Rico

AFRICA

EXPANSION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

POLITICAL MAP: INDEPENDENT STATES ARE THE PRIMARY BUILDING BLOCK OF THE WORLD POLITICAL MAP

SEPARATIST MOVEMENTS everyone-who-wanted-to-start separatist-movements-interactive?fb=native

CHANGING DEFINITION OF STATES

NATIONS Nations Nations Nation – A group of people with a shared cultural identity or a set of cultural characteristics. Nation – A group of people with a shared cultural identity or a set of cultural characteristics. Communities or groups of people Communities or groups of people Common culture Common culture Nation-States Nation-States Nation-state – A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. Nation-state – A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. Examples: Denmark, Slovenia, Turkmenistan Examples: Denmark, Slovenia, Turkmenistan Ideal? Ideal?

OTHER TYPES OF STATES City-State City-State A sovereign state comprising a city and its surrounding area. A sovereign state comprising a city and its surrounding area. Athens Athens Part-Nation State Part-Nation State A state whose population is only part of a nation A state whose population is only part of a nation Arab Nation = Egypt, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Jordan Arab Nation = Egypt, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Jordan Multinational state Multinational state A state whose population is made up of two or more nations A state whose population is made up of two or more nations U.K., U.S.S.R. U.K., U.S.S.R. Microstate Microstate A state that encompasses a very small land area. A state that encompasses a very small land area. Vatican City, Liechtenstein, Singapore Vatican City, Liechtenstein, Singapore Stateless nations Stateless nations A nations which has no state (no sovereignty) or is divided up between several states A nations which has no state (no sovereignty) or is divided up between several states Palestine, Kurds (Kurdistan), Chechnya Palestine, Kurds (Kurdistan), Chechnya

NOW THAT ALL THE LAND IS SPOKEN FOR, ARE WE DONE SEEING NEW NATIONS AND GRABS FOR LAND?