Essential Questions  Compare revolutions in Latin America and the Caribbean, including Haiti, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, and Mexico.  Describe the impact of technological inventions, conditions of labor, and the economic theories of capitalism, liberalism, socialism, and Marxism during the Industrial Revolution on the economies, societies, and politics of Europe.

Vocab Peninsulare Creole Mulatto Simon Bolivar Jose de San Martin Miguel Hidalgo Jose Maria Morelos

Setting the Stage What three revolutions changed the way people thought about a government’s role? Who did Latin Americans resent the most? Define mestizo.

1600s-1800s: New Ideas Brewing in Europ e

Causes of Latin American Revolutions 1.Enlightenment Ideas  writings of John Locke, Voltaire, & Jean Rousseau; Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine. 2.Creole discontent at being left out of government jobs and trade concessions. 3.Inspiration of American and French Revolutions. 4.Preoccupation of Spain & Portugal in fighting the Napoleonic Wars.

1. Enlightenment Ideas 1.Laws of nature [NATURAL LAWS] govern natural science and human society. 2.Give people rights  life, liberty, property! 3.Make fair societies based on reason possible. 4.Challenged the theory of “Divine Right” monarchy.

European Empires: 1700s

Colony Society Divided

Latin American Revolutions!

1.Revolution in Haiti—  Creole leader of the revolutions in Venezuela.  Spent time in Europe and the newly-independent United States.

Simón Bolivar  2. Simon Bolivar— Creole leader of the revolutions in Venezuela.

Simón Bolivar Meets José de San Martin

Jose de San Martin  3. Jose de San Martin—

The “Muscle” of the Revolution Bolivar coming from the North. José de St. Martín and Bernard O’Higgins cross the Andes Mountains.

Bolivar & San Martin Fight for Independence!

Bolivar’s Failure  After uniting Venezuela, Columbia, & Ecuador into Gran Columbia, he left to help free the rest of Latin America.  He died a year later, with his goal of uniting all of South America unfulfilled!

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule  4. Indians and mestizos led the revolution in Mexico.

5. Miguel Hidalgo—

 6. In 1823, several Central American states broke away from Mexico.

Brazil  7. Brazil won its independence in a bloodless revolution.

Essential Questions  Describe the impact of technological inventions, conditions of labor, and the economic theories of capitalism, liberalism, socialism, and Marxism during the Industrial Revolution on the economies, societies, and politics of Europe.

Vocab  Conservative  Liberal  Radical  Nationalism  Nation-state  The Balkans  Louis-Napoleon  Alexander II

Setting the Stage  What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna? *Think back to Ch. 7

Clash of Philosophies  1. Conservative—  2. Liberal—  3. Radical—

Nationalism Develops  4. Nationalism—  5. Nation-state- when a nation had its own independent government.

6. The Balkans Controlled by the Ottomans In southeastern Europe Present-day countries of Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, and the former republics of Yugoslavia

7. Chain of Events in France  King Charles X tried to return absolute monarchy  riots begin  Louis- Philippe (radical) fell  France falls apart  elects Louis-Napoleon as president  France successful!

8. Reform in Russia  Russia stuck in its’ old ways (serfs).  Alexander II- brought change to Russia after the Crimean War.