Teddy Roosevelt Man of the World “Speak softly but carry a big stick” Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far.

Panama Canal Zone (1903) Canal had been attempted by the French in 1880s…massive failure 1902 Congress approved purchase of French claim and equipment Panama was a colony of Colombia TR negotiated with Colombia –$10 million in gold and $250,000 per year for a 6 mile wide strip of land across the isthmus

U.S. Senate ratifies treaty… Colombian Congress sought to extort more money even though their representatives had signed the treaty Rejection of the treaty might “compromise the friendly understanding” between the two countries… Panama had often tried to rebel and become independent…these frequent uprisings worried President Roosevelt because Americans in Panama could be in danger Wielding his “big stick” Teddy sent the gunboat Nashville to Panama with U.S. Marines just incase violence broke out November 2, 1903 Panama revolution began U.S. Marines came ashore to protect Americans By November 4 th a new government was declared New President of Panama instantly negotiated a treaty with the USA USA got 10-mile strip of land for a canal (same terms as Colombia) Colombia was furious…ready to attack…Teddy warned them that Panama was a friend and ally of the USA…

Panama Canal Panama Canal 2

Other example of the “Big Stick” 1904 Northern Securities – taking on J.P. Morgan is gutsy… 1905 – Treaty of Portsmouth –Teddy used “Big Stick” diplomacy to negotiate / mediate and end to the Russo-Japanese war –Meeting took place in Portsmouth, NH –Teddy won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for this effort (first U.S. President to get it) 1907 – Great White Fleet – massive new navy…world tour…15 battleships

RooseveltRoosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Twice during Roosevelt's years in office European powers threatened intervention in Venezuela and once in the Dominican Republic, presumably to collect debts owed to their nationals. To meet a threat of possible permanent intervention the secretary of war, Elihu Root, and Roosevelt framed a policy statement in 1904 that eventually became known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that not only would the United States prohibit non-American intervention in Latin-American affairs but it would also police the area and guarantee that these countries met their international obligations. The corollary sanctioning U.S. intervention was to be applied in 1905 when, without Congressional approval, Roosevelt forced the Dominican Republic to accept the appointment of a U.S. "economic advisor," who quickly became the financial director of the small state.

Gunboat Diplomacy “Speak softly but carry a big stick.”

Stereotypes of the Chinese Immigrant Oriental [Chinese] Exclusion Act, 1887

The Open Door Policy Secretary John Hay. Give all nations equal access to trade in China. Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

America as a Pacific Power

The Cares of a Growing Family

Constable of the World

Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905 Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy

The Great White Fleet: 1907

Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” Improve financial opportunities for American businesses. Use private capital to further U. S. interests overseas. Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

The Mexican Revolution: 1910s Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico and puts Madero in prison where he was murdered. Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought against Huerta. The U.S. also got involved by occupying Veracruz and Huerta fled the country. Eventually Carranza would gain power in Mexico.

The Mexican Revolution: 1910s Emiliano Zapata Francisco I Madero Venustiano Carranza Porfirio Diaz Pancho Villa

Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” The U. S. should be the conscience of the world. Spread democracy. Promote peace. Condemn colonialism.

Searching for Banditos General John J. Pershing with Pancho Villa in 1914.

U. S. Global Investments & Investments in Latin America, 1914

U. S. Interventions in Latin America: s

Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”