Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 1 SIP / NGN / IMS Overview Andy Penrose

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 2 SIP Flavours Interconnect to PSTN Networks UTRAN 3GPP Release 5 (Mobile Networks) SIP 3GPP (IMS Architecture) SIP-I or SIP-T (SIP Trunking) Fixed Line Replacement SIP ETSI TISPAN (IMS architecture) NGN SIP (Pre-IMS / Call Servers)

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 3 IP Protocols UDP SCTP TCP DNSSIP RADIUS AALx GPRSV.xSONETEthernetATM PPP IPv4/IPv6 HTTP RTP / RTCP TLS Audio / Video iLBC, G.711,... ENUM AAA Signalling WWWMedia Inter- Domain SDP

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 4 SIP Networks (RFC 3261)

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 5 Location Database Proxy UE Register 200 OK Registers UE presence and binds UE address (URL) with current location (IP Address) Location Database Proxy UE Invite 200 OK media SIP Networks Tekelec /IPTEL.ORG: SIP Express Router

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 6 SIP Call Flow Proxy Invite 200 OK PRACK Media (separate path) 180 Ringing (Answer) 200 OK BYE 200 OK

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 7 SIP Messages From HTTP :  Code 'xyz' +Explicative text 6 classes of responses:  1yz Informational (ex : 100 Trying, 180 Ringing, 183 Session Progress  2yz Success (ex : 200 OK)  3yz Redirection (ex : 300 Multiple Choices, 301 Moved Permanently)  4yz Request failure (ex : 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized)  5yz Server failure (ex : 500 Server Internal Error)  6yz Global Failure (ex : 600 Busy Everywhere) Provisional Responses Indicate that the request is in treatment finales Responses

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 8 SIP Principles Based on the separation of logical address (Address of Record) and physical address (Contact Address)  Requires a network node to translate the logical address of the called party to the physical address.  Registering procedure of the user agent to the network.  Supplies the basis for the nomadism support. Calls server Access Network IP Core Network Access Network Media flow (RTP) Signalling Note_ Signalling and Media flows are separate

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 9 Packetized Communication Note: Every packet may take a completely different path Signaling typically takes a different path to media. Both signaling and media (plus other applications FTP, web, , … ) look “alike” up to transport layer and share the same fate End Users Call Server End Users IP Router Signaling Protocol Media Transport

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 10 NGN SIP Networks Call Server Call Server Call Server Call Server Call Server Call Server VPBX Application Servers Full layer 5 Mesh All nodes require updating when a new node is added Inter-working between different vendors Inter-working different SIP flavours

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 11 NGN SIP Networks Call Server Call Server Call Server Call Server Call Server Call Server VPBX SIP Application Servers SIP Router Centralised routing & Inter-working Tekelec SSR: SIP Signalling Router

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 12 Interconnect Tekelec SSR: SIP Signalling Router can provide this Signalling Border functionality At the network to network Interface (interconnect point between SIP networks) there is usually a requirement for the following Border functionality: inter-working, access control, security, topology hiding, address translation, accounting. On occasion there can also a requirement for a Media Border Gateway Function (usually to cater for NAT). SBF Signalling Border Gateway Function IP network Operator A Operator B NNI Network to Network Interface SBF Signalling Border Gateway Function

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 13 IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 14 IMS - GPRS IMS To applications To user profile To other multimedia systems To PSTN/ISDN IP backbone To charging and other Network Management functions UTRAN UE A set of 3GPP standards launched in 1999/2000; as part of UMTS Release 5. IMS provides a SIP based multi-media architecture above the packet switched (PS) domain, which enables mobile operators to control the usage of IP transport resources and offer value added services. Handsets require SIP clients.

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 15 From stovepipes to converged networks Access Network Service & Session Control Applications Fixed Mobile Internet Entreprise IP transport Cable DSL WLAN UMTS LAN Unified control Telephony Messaging VoD/TV Gaming Management Unified management

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 16 IMS as Multi-access Platform IP Backbone GPRS ADSL IPoATM Hotspot/WLAN IMS GGSN BRAS/BNG PDG IPoGE DSLAM SGSN Cable Docsis CMTS WIFI Services SIP Signalling Media

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 17 IMS Approach to Service Design Focus SOURCE: Frost & Sullivan, 2006

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 18 Benefits of IMS approach SGSN GGSN UTRAN UE W-LAN UE PSTN Access Layer Control Layer CSCF HSS Service Layer Rapid Deployment Converged Applications Write once, use many Common User Data Common Policies Unified Billing Unified Authentication Consistent Service across Network Eliminates multiple Service solutions Legacy Apps Gaming Conferencing Pre-Paid

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 19 Marketing convergence  "One stop-shop" selling a mix of mobile and fixed products  Integrated billing  Unified customer care Service convergence  Same services and functionalities from the fixed and mobile access  Access agnostic service development and deployment Network convergence  Unified core network Basic mechanisms for multimedia session control  Including identification, charging and security framework Roaming Enabling service capabilities for multimedia services:  Messaging  Presence  Conferencing IMS core features

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 20 IMS Architecture - Main Entities IMS UE Traffic Plane Control Plane UTRAN PS Domain SGSN GGSN P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF SIP Gi HSS Diameter Mw Cx AS SIP ISC Tekelec: TekCore Product Range

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 21 IMS Architecture - Main entities There are 3 different types of CSCF (Call State Control Function): P-CSCF (Proxy-CSCF)  Interface between the UMTS packet domain and IMS  located in the same network as the GGSN (visited or home network) S-CSCF (Serving CSCF)  In charge of IP call control for subscribers, handles session states  Downloads user service profile from the HSS (authentication, service triggers, user profile)  Provides routing, translation and billing information.  Always in the Home network of a subscriber I-CSCF (Interrogating CSCF)  In charge of the S-CSCF selection in user registration  Interrogates HSS to locate a user for incoming calls  In charge of security functions when interconnecting with external networks (Topology Hiding)

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 22 IMS Architecture - Main entities HSS (Home Subscriber Server)  The database of all subscriber and service data.  Parameters include user identity, allocated S-CSCF name, roaming profile, authentication parameters and service information.  Also provides the traditional Home Location Register (HLR) and Authentication Centre (AUC) functions. AS (Application Server)  Scalable, reliable, and feature-rich environment for rapid service creation.  Hosts and executes SIP services.

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 23 IMS Architecture IMS UE Traffic Plane Control Plane UTRAN PS Domain SGSN GGSN P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF SIP HSS Diameter AS SCIM SIP MRF MGW SGW MGCF BGCF H248 SIP SIGTRAN PDF

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 24 SCIM (Service Capability Interaction Manager) Orchestrates service delivery among application server platforms within the IP Multimedia Subsystem MRF (Media Resource Function) Provides media related functions such as media manipulation (e.g. voice stream mixing) and playing of tones and announcements. BGCF (Border/Breakout Gateway Control Function) Provides routing functionality based on telephone numbers. Only used when calling from the IMS to a phone in a circuit switched network. Directs the call to the correct MGCF. MGCF (Media Gateway Control Function) Provides call control protocol conversion between SIP and ISUP and interfaces with the SGW over SCTP. It also controls the resources in an MGW with an H.248 interface. MGW (Media Gateway) Interfaces with the media plane of the CS network, by converting between RTP and PCM SGW (Signalling Gateway) Provides inter-working between SIGTRAN and TDM environments. PDF (Policy Decision Function) Translates service level policy requests into bandwidth and quality reservation requests for the network (QOS) IMS architecture entities

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 25 DNS GGSN SGSN 1. Activate PDP Context (includes APN) 2. Create PDP Context (includes APN) 3. Create PDP Context Response includes Terminal and DNS IP address 4. Activate PDP Context Accept includes Terminal and DNS IP address 5. DNS Query IMS.TekelecIMS.Net 6. DNS Response P-CSCF IP Address GPRS: Activate PDP Context UE (SIP Client)

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 26 IMS: Registration Call Flow 1.Registration request sent from UE (SIP Client) to the P-CSCF. 2.P-CSCF performs a DNS query to find IP address of I-CSCF. 3.Registration request forwarded to I-CSCF. 4.I-CSCF interrogates the HSS to find the subscribers S-CSCF (URL). 5.I-CSCF performs a DNS query to find the IP address of S-CSCF. 6.Registration request is forwarded to S-CSCF. 7.S-CSCF interrogates the HSS for subscriber authentication data. 8.S-CSCF sends a challenge to the UE. 9.UE responds to Challenge. 10.S-CSCF downloads User Profile 11.S-CSCF responds to UE with SIP 200 OK S-CSCF I-CSCF HSS DNS P-CSCF UE

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 27 I-CSCF S-CSCF HSS P-CSCF UE1 8 7 S-CSCF P-CSCF UE2 1.UE1 sends a SIP invite to UE2 (contains URL of S—CSCF). 2.P-CSCF forwards invite to S-CSCF (P-CSCF may make changes to SDP). 3.S-CSCF applies ‘Filter Criteria’ associated with the origination of calls (could trigger an AS). 4.I-CSCF interrogates HSS to find the Serving CSCF (S-CSCF) of UE2. 5.S-CSCF (UE2) applies Filter Criteria associated with the termination of calls (could trigger an AS). 6.S-CSCF forwards the invite to the P-CSCF to which UE2 is registered. 7.P-CSCF examines the SDP offer (to ensure acceptability) and forwards the invite to UE2. 8.UE2 alerts user and responds with ‘180 Ringing response’ (response may contain SDP answer). IMS: Invite Call Flow

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 28 I-CSCF S-CSCF P-CSCF S-CSCF P-CSCF UE1 UE2 IMS: Call Flow Invite 200 OK PRACK Media (separate path) 180 Ringing (Answer) 200 OK BYE 200 OK

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 29 IMS: Registration Roaming 1.Registration request sent from UE (SIP Client) to the P-CSCF in the ‘Visited Network’. 2.P-CSCF performs a DNS query to find IP address of I-CSCF. 3.Registration request forwarded to I-CSCF. 4.I-CSCF interrogates the HSS to find the subscribers S-CSCF (URL). 5.I-CSCF performs a DNS query to find the IP address of S-CSCF. 6.Registration request is forwarded to S-CSCF. 7.S-CSCF interrogates the HSS for subscriber authentication data. 8.S-CSCF sends a challenge to the UE. 9.UE responds to Challenge. 10.S-CSCF downloads User Profile 11.S-CSCF responds to UE with SIP 200 OK S-CSCF I-CSCF HSS DNS P-CSCF UE DNS Visited Network Home Network

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 30 IMS P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF MGW MGCF 3G PS Domain SGSN GGSN Release 4 CS Domain MGW MSS MGW R99 CS Domain MSC 2G PS Domain SGSN GGSN UE 2G RAN BSC BTS UE 3G UTRAN RNC NodeB Mobile Networks

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 31 IMS Architecture

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 32 TISPAN Telecoms & Internet converged Services & Protocols for Advanced Networks

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 33 The Tispan Release 1 architecture is based on the 3GPP IMS Release 6 architecture but is intended to address the wireline providers. The architecture uses cooperating subsystems sharing common components, which allows the addition of new subsystems over time, to cover new demands and service classes. It also ensures that the network resources, applications, and user equipment (mostly inherited from IMS) are common to all subsystems, thereby ensuring user, terminal, and service mobility to the fullest extent possible. TISPAN

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 34 TISPAN Architecture - Main Entities IMS Traffic Plane Control Plane P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF SIP UPSF Diameter AS SCIM SIP MRF MGW SGW MGCF BGCF H248 SIP SIGTRAN IP DSLAM BRAS NASS RACS SIP

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 35 NASS (Network Attachment Subsystem) Provides network-level identification and authentication (registration), manages the IP address space of the access network, and authenticates access sessions. RACS (Resource and Admission Control Subsystem) provides applications with a mechanism to request and reserve resources from the access and aggregation networks (QOS). UPSF (User Profile Server Function) The HSS is redefined as the UPSF. Includes the IMS configuration and user authentication data, but substitutes the HLR (Home Location Register) with data specific to other subsystems such as the PSTN Emulation Subsystem (PES). DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) Connects multiple customer Digital Subscriber Lines (DSLs) to a high-speed Internet backbone. BRAS (Broadband Remote Access Server) Located at the edge of the ISP's network and is used to aggregate user sessions from the access network. TISPAN architecture entities

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 36 Tekelec Product Portfolio

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 37

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 38 Key Content SSR Selective SIP logging SIP Server HA OAM Agent DNS/HB Performance: 150 sessions per second Re-implement KPI screens and measurements TekCore 2.5 (Q1 2008)

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 39 Key Content TekCore: CSCF – 250K subscribers (HSS based) TekCore: CSCF – 3GPP Interface (Cx) TekCore: CSCF – 3GPP Interfaces (Mw, Mj, Mr) TekCore: CSCF – Service Framework (ISC) TekCore: CSCF – BGCF CSCF – MD5 Authentication CSCF – I CSCF CSCF – S CSCF CSCF – AKA CSCF – GRUU CSCF – 3GPP Interface (Rf) CSCF – HA S/I CSCF TekCore 2.5 (Q1 2009)

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 40 SIP Messages

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 41 SIP Message Response’s From HTTP :  Code 'xyz' +Explicative text 6 classes of responses:  1yz Informational (ex : 100 Trying, 180 Ringing, 183 Session Progress  2yz Success (ex : 200 OK)  3yz Redirection (ex : 300 Multiple Choices, 301 Moved Permanently)  4yz Request failure (ex : 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized)  5yz Server failure (ex : 500 Server Internal Error)  6yz Global Failure (ex : 600 Busy Everywhere) Provisional Responses Indicate that the request is in treatment finales Responses

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 42 SIP Message Method’s SIP de base (RFC 3261) : INVITE : establish a session/ modify the parameters of the established session ACK : confirm the session establishment BYE: Release the session CANCEL : cancelled a non respond INVITE request OPTIONS : request the capacity of the distant UA REGISTER : associate a permanent logical address to the contact address representing the actual localization SIP Extensions : INFO : transport information during the call ("mid- call") PRACK : acknowledge receipt of provisory response to the INVITE UPDATE : modify the parameters of the session in course of establishment SUBSCRIBE : subscribe to the current state and to the new state of resource NOTIFY : notify to the current state and to the new state of resource PUBLISH :publish the state of a event REFER : give to the UA an address to contact MESSAGE : Use for the transport of Instant Messages

Tekelec Confidential Tekelec Confidential / For Discussion Purposes Only / Non-Binding ‘06 | 43 Format of SIP message REQUEST MessageRESPONSE Message INVITE SIP/2.0Status LineSIP/ OK To:bob From:Alice ; tag=1548 Via: SIP/2.0/TCP Alicebureau.ft.com:5060; branch=z9hG4bK74bf9 Contact: Max-Forwards: 70 Cseq:1 INVITE Mandatory HeadersTo:bob ; tag=865 From:Alice ; tag=1548 Via: SIP/2.0/TCP Alicebureau.ft.com:5060; branch=z9hG4bK74bf9;received= Contact: Max-Forwards: 70 Cseq:1 INVITE Subject: ??? Content-type:application/sdp Content-length:*** Optional headersContent-type:application/sdp Content-length:*** o=Alice IN IP c=IN IP m=audio RTP/AVP 0 a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000 Message Body (SDP or other) o=Bob IN IP c=IN IP m=audio 2589 RTP/AVP 0 a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000