Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 1 Software: Systems and Application Software Chapter 4

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 2 Chapter 4 Outline An Overview of Software Systems Software Application Software Programming Languages Software Issues and Trends

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 3 An Overview of Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 4 An Overview of Software Computer program - sequences of instructions for the computer Documentation - describes program functions Systems software - coordinates the activities of hardware & programs Applications software - helps users solve particular problems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 5 The Importance of Software in Business

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 6 Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 7 Systems Software: operating systems and utilities

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 8 Operating System Functions 1. Perform common hardware functions 2. Provide a user interface 3. Provide hardware independence 4. Memory management 5. Task management 6. Control access to system resources 7. File Management

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 9 The Role of the Operating System

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Perform Hardware Functions, 2. Provide A User Interface Common Hardware Functions –Accept keyboard input –Store data on disks –Send data to output devices User Interface Types: –Command-based interfaces –Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Hardware Independence

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Memory Management

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Task Management Multitasking - more than one program can run at a time using a single processor Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously use the resources of a single processor Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or tasks

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Control Access to System Resources Protection against unauthorized access Logins and passwords

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 15 Personal Computer Operating Systems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 16 Personal Computer Operating Systems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 17 Types of Operating Systems WORKGROUP OPERATING SYSTEMS –Netware –Windows NT Server 4.0 –Windows 2000 Server –Unix –Red Hat Linux –Mac OS X Server ENTERPRISE OPERATING SYSTEMS –IBM’s OS/390 –HP’s MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive with integrated POSIX) –IBM’s z/OS –Linux CONSUMER APPLIANCE OPERATING SYSTEMS –Windows CE.NET –Mobil Linux –Windows XP Embedded –Handheld PC –Pocket PC –Palm OS

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 18 Utility Programs

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 19 Application Software: types and functions

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 20 Sources of Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 21 Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 22 personal application software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 23 Personal and Application Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 24 Personal and Application Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 25 TurboTax

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 26 Quicken

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 27 Word Processing

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 28 Electronic Spreadsheets

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 29 Database Management Systems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 30 Graphics Programs

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 31 On-Line Information Systems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 32 Software Suites

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 33 Major Components of Leading Software Suites

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 34 Workgroup Application Software Groupware Collaborative computing software –Lotus Notes Group Scheduling

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 35 Enterprise Application Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 36 Examples of Enterprise Application Software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 37 Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 38 Programming Languages

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 39 Programming Languages Commands and statements combined according to a particular syntax Different languages have different characteristics

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 40 Programming Languages

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 41 First and Second Generation Languages First Generation Languages –Machine language –ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) Second Generation Languages –Assembly languages –Assemblers –Symbolic language

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 42 Third-Generation Languages

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 43 Fourth-Generation Languages 4GLs Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not how to get them Examples: SQL, SAS

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 44 Fifth-Generation Languages 5GLs Uses a visual or graphical development interface to create source language Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual C++

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 45 Object-Oriented Programming Languages Objects - data and actions that can be performed on the data Encapsulation - group items into an object Polymorphism - one procedure can work with multiple objects Inheritance - an object in a particular class gets attributes of that class

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 46 Object-Oriented Programming Languages

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 47 Software Issues and Trends

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 48 Software Issues & Trends Software bugs Open source software Software licensing Software upgrades Global software support Antitrust issues for software

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 49 How to Deal with Software Bugs

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 50 Summary Software - consists of programs that control the workings of the computer hardware Operating system - set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware Application - software that applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform specific tasks Programming languages - provide instructions to a computer to perform some processing activity

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 51 Principles and Learning Objectives When selecting an operating system, you must consider the current and future for application software to meet the needs of the organization. In addition, your choice of a particular operatiing system must be consistent with your choice of hardware. –IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE TWO BASICS KINDS OF SOFTWARE –OUTLINE THE ROLE OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM AND IDENTIFY THE FEATURES OF SEVERAL POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 52 Principles and Learning Objectives Do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so well meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage. –DISCUSS HOW APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE CAN SUPPORT PERSONAL, WORKGROUP, AND ENTERPRISE BUSINESS OBJECTIVES. –IDENTIFY 3 BASIC APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE AND DISCUSS THE PROS AND CONS OF EACH.

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 53 Principles and Learning Objectives The software industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends and issues to be effective in their business and personal life. –OUTLINE THE EVOLUTION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND DIFFERENTIATE AMONG THE FIVE GENERATIONS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES. –IDENTIFY KEY ISSUES AND TRENDS THAT HAVE AN IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS.

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 54 End of Chapter 4