Government, Religion, and Culture Section 2

II.Government, Religion, and Culture A.English Colonial Rule 1.Glorious Revolution---Elected Reps had more power then Monarchy in England 2.English Bill of Rights a.1689—guaranteed citizens certain rights 3.Colonies provided England with raw materials a. Mercantilism—nation’s trade grows, its gold reserve increases and becomes more powerful

4. England needs to Export more goods then it Imports 5. Navigation Acts—directed the flow of goods between England and the Colonies. Only could trade with England a. Smuggling—trading illegally becomes common B. Colonial Government 1. Charter Colonies a. Conn. And Rhode Island are Charter Colonies 1. settlers given a grant of rights and privileges

2. Colonist elected own governor and members of the legislature 2. Proprietary Colonies a. Delaware, Maryland, Penn b. Proprietors---individuals/groups whom Britain had granted land 3. Royal Colonies a. Georgia, Mass., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., S.C., and Virginia b. Britain directly ruled Royal Colonies c. King appointed the governor and council

4. Voting Rights a. White men who owned property could vote b. Women, indentured Servants, landless poor, and African Americans could not vote C. The Emerging Culture 1. Religious Revival a. Great Awakening b. Jonathan Edwards gave powerful sermons c. George Whitefield—inspired worshippers from New England to Georgia

2. Family Roles a. Family formed the foundation of colonial society b. Families often sent sons to work as apprentice c. Young married women sometimes worked for wealthy families 3. Education a. New England had a high literacy rate 1. 85% of men could read by 1750 b. Mass. Passed Public Education laws

4. The Enlightenment a. Movement begun in Europe that spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society b. Best know American scientist was Ben Franklin

Benjamin Franklin was an American statesman who helped to write the Declaration of Independence. But he was also a writer, publisher, printer and inventor. Franklin proved that lightning is a form of electricity with the famous, and very dangerous, kite experiment. That experiment led to his discovery of positive and negative electricity and to his development of terms we still use today: battery, conductor, condenser, charge, discharge, electric shock, and electrician. The lightning rod was among his inventions, along with the Franklin stove and bifocal glasses. Franklin also organized an effective postal system, mapped the Gulf Stream and recognized the aurora borealis as an electrical phenomenon.

5. Freedom of the Press a. John Peter Zenger faced charges of libel for printing a critical report about the Royal Governor b. Free Speech was basic right of the English People c. Was Zenger’s article True? d. Important step in the development of Free Press libel -A false publication, as in writing, print, signs, or pictures, that damages a person's reputation.