Concentration vs. Strength Concentrated vs. Dilute Strong vs. Weak.

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Presentation transcript:

Concentration vs. Strength Concentrated vs. Dilute Strong vs. Weak

H + A - H + A - HA A - H + A - H + A – H + A - H + A - H + A - HA H + A - H + A - H + A - H + HA HA HA HA HA H + A - HA HA HA HA H + A – HA H + A – HA HA H + A - H + A - H + A - H + A - HA A - H + A - H + A - H + A - H + A - H + A - HA H + A - H + A - H + A - A - H + A - H + A - H + A - H + A - H + H + A - H + A - H + A - HA H + A - A - H + A - H + A - H + A - H + A – H + A - H + A - H + A - H + A - H + A - H + A - H + A - H + A - H + A - HA A - H + A - H + A - H + A - H + HA HA H + A - HA HA HA HA HA HA HA HA H + A - H + A - HA HA HA HA HA HA HA H + A - HA HA HA HA HA HA H + A - HA HA H + A - HA HA HA HA HA HA HA HA H + A - HA HA H + A - HA HA HA HA HA HA HA H + A - HA HA HA DILUTECONCENTRATED STRONG WEAK STRONG ACIDS Dissociate nearly 100% HA H 1+ + A - WEAK ACIDS Dissociate very little HA H 1+ + A - Acids: Concentration vs. Strength

Comparison of Strong and Weak Acids Type of acid, HA Reversibility of reaction K a value Ions existing when acid, HA, dissociates in H 2 O Strong Not reversible K a value very large H + and A -, only. No HA present. WeakreversibleK a is smallH +, A -, and HA HA(aq) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O + (aq) + A - (aq) The equilibrium expression for the reaction is K a = [H 3 O + ] [A - ] [HA] Note: H 3 O + = H +

Strong vs. Weak Acid Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 508

Concentrated vs. Dilute 0.3 M HCl 2.0 M HCl 12.0 M HCl 10.0 M CH 3 COOH Dilute, strong acid Concentrated, strong acid OR Dilute, strong, acid Concentrated, strong acid Concentrated, weak acid

Naming Acids _________ ide (chloride, Cl 1- ) _________ite (chlorite, ClO 2 - ) (hypochlorite, ClO - ) _________ ate (chlorate, ClO 3 - ) (perchlorate, ClO 4 - ) Hydro____ ic acid (hydrochloric acid, HCl) _________ic acid (chloric acid, HClO 3 ) (perchloric acid, HClO 4 ) ______ous acid (chlorous acid, HClO 2 ) (hypochlorous acid, HClO) AnionAcid add H + ions

4A Group 5A6A7A Period 2 CH 4 No acid or base properties NH 3 Weak base H 2 O --- HF Weak acid Period 3 SiH 4 No acid or base properties PH 3 Weak base H 2 S Weak acid HCl Strong acid Increasing acid Strength Increasing base Strength Increasing acid Strength Increasing base Strength Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Chemistry 2000, page 625

[H 3 O + ] Equilibrium and pH Calculations HA + H 2 O H 3 O + + A - Weak acid HA + H 2 O H 3 O + + A - Strong acid acid-dissociation constant calculations K a = [A - ] [H 3 O + ] [HA] [HA] = [H 3 O + ] + pH antilog (-pH) -log [H 3 O + ] = [OH - ] - 1 x [OH - ] = 1 x [H 3 O + ] = Tocci, Viehland, Holt Chemistry Visualizing Matter 1996, page 525