Organic Molecules: 2.3 Chemical compounds containing Carbon

Vocabulary Check Explain the difference between monomers and polymers based on the picture to the right!

Organic Molecules Carbohydrates (sugars) Proteins Lipids(fats) Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)

Carbohydrates (Sugars) Organic compounds with a 2:1 ratio between Hydrogen and Oxygen. (CH 2 O) Monosaccharides (simple sugars) C 6 H 12 O 6 glucose, deoxyribose, and ribose sugar Disaccharides (double sugars) C 12 H 22 O 11 sucrose and lactose Polysaccharides (complex sugars) (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n starch, cellulose,and glycogen

Carbohydrate Functions Quick energy foods (1 gram contains 4 calories of energy): glucose,sucrose, and fructose Storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals) Structure (cellulose and chitin)

Protein Proteins are organic compounds made up of smaller units called amino acids. Each amino acid contains an NH 2 or amino group and a CO 2 H or carboxyl group

Protein Functions Movement: Makes up muscle tissue (actin and myosin). Transport: Carries oxygen in organisms (hemoglobin). Immunity: Helps fight off foreign invaders (antibodies). Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions (amylase and trypsin). Energy source (1 gram = 4 kcal of energy).

Lipids A group of hydrophobic compounds that contain very little oxygen. Examples: Fats, Steroids, Cholesterol, and Wax. They are found surrounding internal organs, in each cell membrane, and clogging arteries and veins.

Main Types of Fats Saturated: No double bonds between the carbons Solid at room temperature Found mostly in animals. Unsaturated: Double bonds between some of the carbons Liquid at room temperature Found mostly in plants

Lipid Functions High Energy food. 1 gram contains 9 Kcal of energy. Protects vital organs Insulates the body Stores food for later use

Nucleic Acids These are chemical compounds made up of smaller units called nucleotides. Examples are: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid).

Nucleic Acid Comparison DNA Double Helix ( twisted ladder) Contains the bases A, T, C, & G Contains the code for the bodies proteins RNA Single strand Contains the bases A, U, C, & G Carries the code for a protein, transfers amino acids to ribosomes.

How Organic Compounds are Formed and Destroyed Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis

Dehydration Synthesis The combination of two monomers (building blocks) using enzymes and losing water.

Hydrolysis The process of breaking down a polymer (large organic molecule) into its sub units using enzymes and water.