GAUSS, PRANDTL, AND LOW SPEED AERODYNAMICS WITH HUGH SMITH.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Airfoils and wings
Advertisements

Boudary Layer.
Lift Theories Linear Motion.
MECH 221 FLUID MECHANICS (Fall 06/07) Chapter 7: INVISCID FLOWS
The Magic of… Bernoulli’s Principle. Aerodynamics is… The study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air.
The Magic of… Bernoulli’s Principle. Aerodynamics is… The study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air.
The Stall, Airfoil development, &Wing Lift and Span Effects
MAE 3241: AERODYNAMICS AND FLIGHT MECHANICS
Bernoulli's Principle It explains why and airplane gets lift
AE 1350 Lecture Notes #8. We have looked at.. Airfoil Nomenclature Lift and Drag forces Lift, Drag and Pressure Coefficients The Three Sources of Drag:
U5AEA15 AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES-II PREPARED BY Mr.S.Karthikeyan DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICALENGINEERING ASSISTANT PROFESSOR.
Theory of Flight 6.05 Lift and Drag References:
Flow Over Immersed Bodies
ME 388 – Applied Instrumentation Laboratory Wind Tunnel Lab
Fundamentals of Engineering for Honors – ENG H192 Lab 4: Aerodynamics.
Chapter 15: Human Movement in a Fluid Medium
Review Chapter 12. Fundamental Flight Maneuvers Straight and Level Turns Climbs Descents.
Basic Aerodynamic Theory and Drag
AE 1350 Lecture Notes #7 We have looked at.. Continuity Momentum Equation Bernoulli’s Equation Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation –Pitot’s Tube –Venturi.
Aerodynamic Forces Lift and Drag Aerospace Engineering
Engineering Models 1 By: Ross King & Daniel Luddeke.
Carl Friedrich Gauss (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855.
Pharos University ME 253 Fluid Mechanics II
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
The Physics of Flight Dan Sullivan. What is flight?  Process by which an object achieves sustained movement through the air by aerodynamically generating.
LESSON LD04 Aerodynamics
Theory of Flight 6.05 Lift and Drag
Wind Engineering Module 3.1 Lakshmi Sankar Recap In module 1.1, we looked at the course objectives, deliverables, and the t-square web site. In module.
EAA Young Eagles Saturday Oct 5.
2D Airfoil Aerodynamics
Drag and Lift E80 Fluid Measurements Spring 2009.
Aerodynamic Forces Lift and Drag.
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
1 MAE 3241: AERODYNAMICS AND FLIGHT MECHANICS Finite Wings: General Lift Distribution Summary April 18, 2011 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department.
Measurement of Pressure Distribution and Lift for an Airfoil  Purpose  Test design  Measurement system and Procedures  Uncertainty Analysis  Data.
Resistance in Fluid Systems Mr. Andracke Principles of Technology.
Development of Aerodynamic Forces. Overview Streamline Patterns Review Pressure Patterns Understanding how lift is Generated.
Wind power Part 3: Technology San Jose State University FX Rongère February 2009.
María José Jaimes Rodríguez Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss Full name On April 30, 1777 In Braunschweig, Germany Born On February 23, 1855 In Göttigen,
Chapter 11: Flow over bodies; Lift and Drag. Chapter 11: Flow over bodies; lift and drag ME33 : Fluid Flow 2 Objectives Have an intuitive understanding.
Lecture Leading Cadet Training Principles of Flight 3 Drag.
“It’s not knowledge but the act of learning.” By Jacob Maschmann, Jacob Johnson, Britney Scheetz Carl F Gauss.
Theory of Flight All are demonstrated by the flight of the bird!
Chapter 11: Flow over bodies; Lift and Drag
4 Forces of Flight & Stability
 Swiss Mathematician and Physicist  Born in the early 1700s  Made mathematical applications to fluid mechanics.
External flow over immersed bodies If a body is immersed in a flow, we call it an external flow. Some important external flows include airplanes, motor.
KARLA OCANAS Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss early years He was born on April 30 th 1777, in Brunswick Germany. At the age of.
Aerodynamic Design of a Light Aircraft
© 2009 Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Pilot’s Manual – Ground School Aerodynamics Chapter 1 Forces Acting on an Airplane.
PRESENTATION OUTLINE Experiment Objective Introduction Data Conclusion Recommendations.
LESSON LD04 Aerodynamics
CGS Ground School Principles Of Flight Drag © Crown Copyright 2012
Review of Airfoil Aerodynamics
The concept of the airfoil (wing section)
Rebecca Sanders-Eachus
Aerodynamic Forces Lift and Drag Aerospace Engineering
DRAG REDUCTION OF AIRPLANES - INDUCED DRAG
Aerodynamic Force Measurement
Actual Power Developed by A Rotor
Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics
Theory of Flight 6.05 Lift and Drag References:
Boudary changed to Boundary Boundary Layer.
Aerodynamic Forces Lift and Drag Aerospace Engineering
Aerodynamics Lab 6A This lab tends to take a lot of time. For this reason, the lab lectures (aerodynamics and propulsion) are given during a normal class.
LESSON LD04 Aerodynamics
Dept of Mechanical Engineering
LESSON LD04 Aerodynamics
Theory of Flight 6.05 Lift and Drag References:
Presentation transcript:

GAUSS, PRANDTL, AND LOW SPEED AERODYNAMICS WITH HUGH SMITH

KARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS, “PRINCE OF MATHEMATICS” Born on April 30, 1777 Childhood prodigy-many stories concerning his abilities at a young age Attracted attention of Duke of Brunswick-sent to Collegium Carolinum and later University of Göttingen Also had strong interest in astronomy – Director of Gottingen Observatory for many years Later Life-made a fortune through bonds and investments Died on February 23, 1855 “It is not knowledge, but the act of learning, not possession but the act of getting there, which grants the greatest enjoyment.”

CONTRIBUTIONS OF GAUSS Proved that a Heptadecagon could be constructed using a compass and straightedge Proved the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra 4 different ways Proved the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic Developed the magnetometer Helped build the first successful telegraph Pioneered Non-Euclidean Geometry Gaussian Distribution in Statistics

LUDWIG PRANDTL, “FATHER OF MODERN AERODYNAMICS” Born in February 1875 Earned a Ph.D. from Technische Universität München in 1900 Began his work with fluid mechanics designing factory equipment From 1901, he began working as a professor at the Technical School in Hanover Many important discoveries were made here In 1904, Prandtl became director at University of Göttingen Worked at Göttingen until his death in 1953 “If one age believes too much it is natural that another believes too little.”

CONTRIBUTIONS OF PRANDTL Discovery of Boundary Layer in 1904 led to further understanding of skin friction drag Furthered 3-Dimensional Wing Theory, which became known as Lanchester-Prandtl Wing Theory Published simplified thin-airfoil theory Realized the importance of wing tips and vortices, which were previously ignored First Theories of Supersonic Shock Waves and Flow in 1908 Supersonic wind tunnels Supersonic Rocket Nozzle (1929)

WHAT IS AERODYNAMICS? Aerodynamics is the study of the movement of air and the interaction between air and objects moving through it 4 Main forces: Weight Lift Thrust Drag Thrust

DO YOU EVEN LIFT? Some aircraft generate lift by being lighter than air Modern Airplanes are denser than air and have to generate lift another way Modern Airfoils depend on several factors to generate lift: Angle of Attack Thickness Camber

MAGNUS EFFECT AND THE ZHUKOVSKY TRANSFORMATION Magnus showed that a spinning cylinder was capable of producing lift Boundary Layer transfers motion of cylinder to air particles Zhukovsky was able to come up with a revolutionary transformation to turn the spinning cylinder into an airfoil

DRAG In Aerodynamics, there are 4 main types of drag: Skin Friction Drag is caused by friction between the air molecules and the airfoil itself Pressure Drag due to separation and wake Pressure Drag due to wing-tip vortices Pressure Drag due to shockwaves

THE EFFECT OF STREAMLINING ON DRAG Streamlining reduces pressure drag by reducing the wake Streamlining increases drag from skin friction

REYNOLDS NUMBERS AND THEIR USE IN AERODYNAMICS

3- DIMENSIONAL WING THEORY Wings have a finite length Lift coefficients are integrated across wing length Airfoil may vary across wing: Chord Length Airfoil Thickness Airfoil Profile Twist Wing-tip vortices are created and produce drag Winglets help prevent vortex drag

EFFECTS OF 3D WING DESIGN ON AERODYNAMICS

SOURCES mdp.eng.cam.ac.uk/web/library/enginfo/aerothermal_dvd_only/aero/fprops/introvisc/node8.html