Intermolecular Forces ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Condensed Phases and Intermolecular Forces
Advertisements

Intermolecular Attractions
TOPIC: Intermolecular Forces Part 2: Dipole- Dipole and Hydrogen Bonding Do Now: List the 4 categories of Nonpolar Molecules – all of these have DISPERSION.
UNIT 2 Inorganic Nomenclature*, Intermolecular Forces, and Properties of Solutions *Students are responsible for reviewing nomenclature on their own.
© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles.
TOPIC: Intermolecular Forces Part 1: Dispersion Forces Do Now: How do particle diagrams of liquids & solids compare to those of gases?
Intermolecular Forces Pages ; Intermolecular Forces Forces of attraction between molecules Forces of attraction between molecules Link.
16.3: Attractions Between Molecules
Intermolecular Forces H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H (given in increasing strength)
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H (given in increasing strength)
Intermolecular Forces
TOPIC: Intermolecular Forces How do particle diagrams of liquids & solids compare to those of gases?
1 Mr. ShieldsRegents Chemistry U07 L01 2 Forces of attraction There exist between Molecules of gases and liquids Forces of attraction. Some forces may.
Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Structures of Solids and Liquids 10.4 Attractive Forces between Particles 1.
Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces are attractive forces between molecules. (Example: water molecule to water molecule) Intramolecular.
Intermolecular Forces. Bonding Ionic Covalent Polar covalent.
Chapter 11. Liquids, Solids & Forces of Attraction CHE 124 General Chemistry II Dr. Jerome K. Williams, PhD Saint Leo University.
Interparticle Bonding
Intermolecular Forces. How are molecules held together? There are two types of attraction in molecules: ◦ Intramolecular forces ◦ Intermolecular forces.
CHAPTER 11 - INTERMOLECULAR FORCES VERSION 5. The States of Matter.
Chapter 14 – Liquids and Solids
There are important differences between gases, solids, and liquids:
Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11.
Intermolecular Forces. Dispersion or London Forces Weakest intermolecular force Constant motion of electrons may lead to uneven distribution of electrons.
Intermolecular Forces Important differences between gases, solids, &liquids: –Gases - expand to fill their container. –Liquids - retain volume, but not.
Intermolecular Forces Topic 4.4
Intermolecular Forces.  Intermolecular Forces – forces of attraction between molecules – act only between neighboring molecules  Boiling Point – good.
Chapter 11 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces.
Solids, Liquids and Gases, and Intermolecular Forces (IMFs)
Intramolecular Forces vs. Intermolecular Forces  Intramolecular Forces  Chemical bonds  Intermolecular Forces  Attractive forces between molecules.
Condensed Phases and Intermolecular Forces. Fundamentals How do particle diagrams of liquids & solids compare to those of gases?
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES. A Quick Introduction Intermolecular forces exist everywhere Intermolecular forces exist everywhere Short-range attractive forces.
How Many Pennies? Fill a cup of water so that water is level with the top of cup. Carefully add a penny to the cup of water. Continue until the water spills.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES What Holds Molecules to Each Other.
Intermolecular Forces
The attractions between molecules are not nearly as strong as the intramolecular attractions that hold compounds together.
TOPIC: Intermolecular Forces How do particle diagrams of liquids & solids compare to those of gases?
4.3 Intermolecular Forces
1 2 Forces of attraction There exist between Molecules of gases and liquids Forces of attraction. Some forces may be strong other forces may be weak.
Solubility: Molecular Polarity. How do molecules stay together?
Condensed Phases and Intermolecular Forces. Fundamentals How do particle diagrams of liquids & solids compare to those of gases?
Intermolecular Forces Chemistry 11 Ms. McGrath. Intermolecular Forces The forces that bond atoms to each other within a molecule are called intramolecular.
Why do some solids dissolve in water but others do not? Why are some substances gases at room temperature, but others are liquid or solid? The answers.
Condensed Phases and Intermolecular Forces. Let’s look at particle diagrams of liquids & solids and compare them to particle diagrams of gases.
Why do some solids dissolve in water but others do not? Why are some substances gases at room temperature, but others are liquid or solid? The answers.
Intermolecular Forces Topic 4.3. Intermolecular Forces Intramolecular forces – refer to the forces that hold atoms together within molecules or formula.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION - A- A- A- Attraction existing between molecules in a given substance - R- R- R- Responsible for the phase of the.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Aim: What attraction forces exist among neighboring molecules? I.O.SWBAT: 1)Use the KMT to explain the differences in motion of particles in the gas, liquid,
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES A quick foray into Chapter 12….
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces Chemistry 11 Ms. McGrath. Intermolecular Forces The forces that bond atoms to each other within a molecule are called intramolecular.
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces
Liquids Forces Between Liquid Molecules and their Effect on the Properties of Liquids.
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces
Notes: 13.2 OBJECTIVES: Students will be able to (SWBAT)
Intermolecular Attractions
Intermolecular Forces
Chapter 11 Liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces
Section 6.5 – Molecular Geometry
Intermolecular Forces
Aim: What attracts molecules to each other?
Chapter 11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces (Ch6)
Intermolecular Forces
Objectives: Explain the three types of Intermolecular Forces and how they relate to states of Matter.
Objectives: Forces of attraction between particles are important in determining the macroscopic properties of a substance, including how the observable.
Presentation transcript:

Intermolecular Forces ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Like dissolves like. Property of Solubility Since you now know how to address polarity, Which of the following compounds will be most soluble in carbon tetrachloride? a. CH 2 O b. H 2 O c. IF d. CF 4 e. SO 2 ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Like dissolves like. Property of Solubility Since you now know how to address polarity, Which of the following compounds will be most soluble in carbon tetrachloride? a. CH 2 O b. H 2 O c. IF d. CF 4 e. SO 2 ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Boiling Points and Melting Points To make predictions about melting and boiling points, you must have some knowledge of how strongly molecules are held to each other in their solid or liquid state. This requires that we look at the strength of the forces holding the molecules or particles together. ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Intermolecular Forces (IMF) Intermolecular forces are forces (pulls) that exist between separate molecules. Intramolecular forces (AKA bonds) are forces that hold an individual molecule together. All forces that are due to oppositely charged particles are described by Coulomb’s Law, including IMF. ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Hmmmm …. The more polar a substance the greater the strength of attraction between the molecules. Which of the following substances would have the greatest IMF? a. CO 2 b. NH 3 c. CCl 4 d. H 2 O ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Hmmmm …. The more polar a substance the greater the strength of attraction between the molecules. Which of the following substances would have the greatest IMF? a. CO 2 b. NH 3 c. CCl 4 d. H 2 O ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Types of IMF There are different types of intermolecular forces that attract molecules to each other. 1.Dipole-dipole forces 2.Hydrogen bonding 3.London dispersion forces These forces are prevalent when the particles of a substance are close together. ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Comparison of Forces Type of Interaction Approx.Energy (kJ/mol) Intermolecular London, dipole-dipole Hydrogen bonding 10 – 40 Intramolecular (bonding) Covalent Ionic ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Hmmmmm…. Which of the following will have the weakest IMF? a. Solid b. Liquid d. Gases ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Hmmmmm…. Which of the following will have the weakest IMF? a.Solid b. Liquid d. Gases mistry/liquidsolid.html mistry/gasliquid.html ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

London Dispersion Forces Weakest type of IMF in molecules of similar size. Present between all molecules. The only type of IMF between nonpolar molecules. Results from the instantaneous uneven distribution of electrons in the electron cloud, which induces a dipole in nearby molecules. This is called polarizability. ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

London Dispersion Forces Cont’d. Larger molecules have more electrons and so their electron clouds are more polarizable. Consider the halogens and the noble gases. HalogenMW (amu) Boiling point (K) Noble Gas MW (amu) Boiling Point (K) F2F He Cl He Br Ar I2I Kr Xe ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

London Dispersion Forces Cont’d. Neopentane C 5 H 12 n-Pentane C 5 H 12 B.P. = KB.P. = K LDF also depend upon the shape of the molecule. ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Hmmmm….. The greater the intermolecular forces the higher the boiling point. Which of the following substances have the highest boiling point? a. C 2 H 6 b. CH 4 c. C 2 H 4 Cl 2 d. C 2 H 4 ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Dipole-Dipole Forces Occur between polar molecules. The positive pole of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative end of another polar molecule. The more polar the substance, the stronger the dipole-dipole force. ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Hydrogen Bonding Strongest type of intermolecular force. Must have hydrogen bonded to a small very electronegative atom (i.e., F, N or O) in the molecule. The positive hydrogen pole of one molecule is attracted to the negative pole (F, N or O) of a different molecule. ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Hmmmmm…. Which of the following molecules would show the greatest amount of IMF? a)methanol, CH 3 OH b.) water c.) formaldehyde d.) glycerin ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

Intermolecular Forces: Summary London Dispersion Forces – Always present – Strength is proportional to molecular weight Dipole-Dipole – Only present in polar molecules – Strength increases with dipole moment for molecules of approximately equal size and mass Hydrogen Bonding – Only present when a highly polar N-H, O-H, or F-H bond is present in a molecule ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

We’re Off to the Races…. The stronger the intermolecular forces between molecules, the slower a substance will evaporate. If all substances are at the same temperature, which of the following substances which will evaporate first? a.methanol b. pentane c. acetone Explain the results. ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

We’re Off to the Races….. Of the following substances which will evaporate first? a.pentane b. hexane c. heptane Explain the results. ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees

We’re Off to the Races….. Of the following substances which will evaporate first? a.water b. propanol c. glycerine Explain the results. ©2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees