2 UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN 2 AZHAR IQBAL KHAN M.Phil Student Iqra University, 01 December, 2013

Constitution of Pakistan 3

Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b “The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period” 4

Six Goals of Dakar - EFA 1. ECCE - Early Childhood care and education. 1. ECCE - Early Childhood care and education. 2.UPE - Free and compulsory basic education. 2.UPE - Free and compulsory basic education. 3.Learning opportunities for Young & Adults. 3.Learning opportunities for Young & Adults. 4.Literacy Rate (50% improvement). 4.Literacy Rate (50% improvement). 5.Gender equality - elimination of gender disparities. 5.Gender equality - elimination of gender disparities. 6.Quality of education - Learning achievement. 6.Quality of education - Learning achievement.

6

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) RELATED TO EDUCATION Goals 2Achieve Universal Primary Education Targets 3 Ensure that, by 2012, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. 7

EDUCATION SCENARIO 8

9

EDUCATION BUDGET AS % AGE OF GDP ( ): SOUTH ASIA CountryPercentage Iran 4.7 India 3.8 Bangladesh 2.4 Maldives 7.5 Nepal 3.4 Pakistan 2.21 (05-06) 2.44 (07-08) Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report

GOAL 2 – PRIMARY EDUCATION “Ensuring that by 2015 all children with special emphasis on girls and children in difficult circumstances have access to and complete free and compulsory primary education of good quality.” Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey

NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL NER AT PRIMARY LEVEL Province/Area MaleFemaleTotalMaleFemaleTotal Pakistan Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, *: Results of Balochistan are not representative as 57 areas out of 160 areas have been dropped from scope of Survey due to security prevailing situation in Balochistan 12

NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL NER AT PRIMARY LEVEL Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey,

PROGRESS TOWARDS GOAL 2 AT NATIONAL LEVEL Indicator MDG Target 2015 Net Primary Enrolment Rate (5-9 Years) Completion/Survival rate 1 grade to Literacy Rate (%) 10 years and above Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey

COMPLETION / SURVIVAL RATE TILL GRADE V Completion/survival rates to Grade V slipped during the past five years – from 67.1% in 2004/05 and 52.3% in 2007/08 to 49% in 2010/11. This be expected to rise, at the most to 70% by / / / / /11 EFA Target 2015 Projected 2015 Status Completion/Survival rate till Grade V 57.3%67.1%55%52.3%49%100%70% / /11 EFA 2015 EFA

Student to teacher ratio in average; private schools 30:1 Govt. schools 50:1 STUDENT – TEACHER RATIO Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report 2008

In Pakistan there are a total of 154,641 primary schools In Pakistan there are a total of 154,641 primary schools 136,672 (88%) are in the public sector 136,672 (88%) are in the public sector 17,969 (12%) are in the private sector 17,969 (12%) are in the private sector DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report

The primary stage of education in Pakistan enrolls million learners/students The primary stage of education in Pakistan enrolls million learners/students million (69%) are in public sector million (69%) are in public sector million (31%) are in private sector million (31%) are in private sector SECTOR WISE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMAY STAGE ENROLMENT Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report

Out of the total enrolment at primary stage: Out of the total enrolment at primary stage: million (56%) are boys million (56%) are boys million (44%) are girls million (44%) are girls GENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY STAGE ENROLMENT Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report

SECTOR WISE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMAY SCHOOL'S TEACHERS The total number of primary teachers are 436,928: The total number of primary teachers are 436,928: 345,477 (79%) are in public sector 345,477 (79%) are in public sector 91,451 (21%) are in private sector 91,451 (21%) are in private sector Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report

GENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS Male primary school teachers are 229,920 (53%) Male primary school teachers are 229,920 (53%) Female primary teachers are 207,008 (47%) Female primary teachers are 207,008 (47%) Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report

MAJOR CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS Insufficient Political Will Weak Organizational structure, low planning and implementation capacity Lack of physical facilities including electricity, furniture, washrooms etc Lack of effective Monitoring and Evaluation System and weak supervision Weakened Governance Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers 22

MAJOR CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams Low level of literacy Un-attractive school environment Out of school children & High Dropouts Weak Public Private Partnership In-adequate financing Gender inequity Inconvenient school location 23

STEPS TAKEN TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS ON UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION NFBE Schools established as BECS (14,000) and enrollment is 500,000 Through 18 th Constitutional Amendment under Article 25(A) introduced free and compulsory education of age group (5-16) as a fundamental right Provinces have launched a massive campaign for enrollment of Out-of-School Children Primary Education has been made free and textbooks are provided free of cost

STEPS TAKEN (cont….) In order to promote public-private partnerships, Education Foundations have been set up in all the four provinces Effective Monitoring and Supervision System, Reforms and Assessment Examination System and Need Based Literacy, Functional Literacy and Skill Literacy Program planned Grant of stipends and incentives to girls students and female teachers Basic education takes over almost 50% of education budget

Setting up of primary schools for each village in hand Providing missing facilities and capacity building of existing schools Under devolution Ordinance 2000, community has been empowered to participate in the school management School up-gradation through conventional and non- conventional means to reduce the current imbalances English language teaching has been introduced from class-1 Shift towards vocational / technical training STEPS TAKEN (cont….)

27 Curriculum for Early Childhood Education have been developed 554 ECE Centres have been introduced in formal primary education National Education Management Information System (NEMIS) being setup at Federal level Existing Education Management Information System (EMIS) at Provincial and District levels shall be strengthened to make them responsive STEPS TAKEN (cont….)

28 Thank you

29 Quality Assurance Initiatives: Improvement in provision of infrastructure and human resources for primary education. Provision of improved curriculum and teaching-learning materials to improve the quality of teaching-learning process. Attention to continuous professional development of teaches. Establishment of Educational Assessment System. Strengthening and up-gradation of Teacher Training institutions. Setting-up Academic Audit through linkage of cash awards / incentives with quality. Developing a National Strategy for Information Communication Technologies (ICTs). Setting up Examination Board in private sector. Steps taken (cont….)

30 Start with learners and take all actors into account Start with learners and take all actors into account Towards better quality: a holistic approach

31 Discovery-based pedagogies pioneered in many programmes are difficult to implement on national scale in resource-constrained contexts Structured teaching is a pragmatic option in low-income settings. Teacher presents material in small steps, checks student understanding and encourages interaction Regular assessment and feedback improves learning Rigid chalk and talk pedagogy is widespread Rigid chalk and talk pedagogy is widespread In the classroom: pedagogical renewal

32 Governance: school leadership, room for consultation between teachers, governments and other stakeholders on curriculum, employment and working conditions Participatory learning networks and professional advisory bodies to encourage sharing of best practice Combating corrupt practices: fraud in public tendering for school buildings and textbooks, nepotism and bribes in teacher appointment and examinations Equity: reducing regional and social inequalities advances education for all Beyond the classroom: policies conducive to better quality

33 Successful qualitative reforms require: Prime attention to quality of teaching profession Strong leading role by government A societal project for improving education Policy continuity over time Wrapping up Education quantity and quality are complements, not substitutes