Brief Response In what ways did Enlightenment ideas influence liberal social and political views in the early 1800s, under Napoleon’s rule? Napoleon granted peasants right to land bought from Church and nobles during the revolution. He granted jobs for all, based on talent. His Napoleonic Code granted: –Equality of all citizens before the law. –Religious toleration –The abolition of feudalism Napoleon would spread these ideas across Europe.

Liberals and Nationalists Unleashed Across Europe. p. 144, 148

Why European Revolts? Napoleon never met Socrates or John Locke, but he knew their work. Though Napoleon was defeated, he’d changed many Europeans. –Many wanted republican-style governments –The middle class wanted power to create governments that supported their businesses and banks. –Many ethnic groups wanted their independence –Many large nations celebrated and pushed their pride on their people and other nations.

Ideology: Systems of political belief or thinking. Liberalism—desire to improve society and government by helping the most people through the power of the government. Government would protect the rights of the people and work to better their socio-economic conditions.

Universal manhood suffrage: eventually, liberals would want all men to have the right to vote, whether they owned property or not. –Early liberal demands were that men who owned land should have suffrage.

Autonomy: the right of a people to have their own land and government. Many people in Europe’s empires wanted to separate from the rule of their masters.

Rebellions and Repression p. 148

liberals and nationalists to1850 Radicals: (again?) political people wanting extreme change. They opposed the efforts of the monarchic governments –They were not afraid of the Concert of Europe’s forces and were willing to fight them. –They violently rebelled in France and other nations.

Louis Philippe: replaced Charles X as king of France, with support of French liberals. –He lived up to his nickname, the “citizen king”, by dressing and acting like the bourgeoisie meeting people on the street.

Recession: An economic slowdown, –Producers and consumers slow or stop spending –Factories reduce production or shut down –Workers lose jobs France was hit by one in the late 1840s, causing the French public to lose faith in Louis Philippe’s government.

Napoleon III: First elected president Soon, Louis Napoleon took total control of the government and made himself ‘emperor’. –He renamed himself “Napoleon III” He did it legally with a plebiscite (entire country voted yes/no).

Louis Kossuth: Effective leader of Hungarian nationalists wanting independence from Austria.

Hwk Begin Classwork

Standards Check, p. 145 Question: To restore the political and social order of all Europe that existed before the French Revolution

Mini-project: analyze the political cartoon, p. 145: questions Answers: 1. Determined liberal men and women wanting change: freedom, progress 2. urged monarchs to crush revolts

Standards Check, p. 146 Question: Liberals supported Enlightenment ideals such as natural rights, the separation of powers, and a government that is responsible to its people.

Image, p. 146 Question: A. Those who died in the battles became martyrs, and survivors joined against an enemy who had killed Serbs B. This sense of nationalism united Serbs and fueled further struggles

Standards Check, p. 147 Question: To prevent the uprisings and revolutionary ideas from spreading

Primary Source, p. 149 Question: As a chaotic mass of whatever the desperate rebels could drag to the site to defend against the government soldiers.

Standards Check, p. 149 Question: After Charles X disbanded the legislature and limited the press, the rebels put up barricades, fired at soldiers, and gained control of Paris.

Standards Check, p. 150 Question: The Belgians gained independence from Holland, but the Polish rebellion was crushed by Russia.

Thinking Critically, p Questions: 1 Both uprisings included street fighting, but February’s ended with a proclamation of the Second Republic, while June’s ended with further divisions among the classes. 2 Equality, democracy, liberty

Analyze Cause and Effect, p. 152 Question: Probably not, since major events usually have a variety of causes.

Standards Check, p. 152 Question: 1830 Resulted in a constitutional monarchy 1848 resulted in the Second Republic with a strong president and wider suffrage for men.

Analyzing Political Cartoons, p. 153: Questions: 1 liberty 2 They were threatened

Standards Check, p. 153 Question: Most of the revolutions succeeded at first, but they were later crushed and their reforms canceled

Brief Response: What did he mean? What did Austrian leader, Klemens von Metternich, mean when he said, –“When France sneezes all Europe catches a cold”