Chapter 6, section 3
1. How did Jefferson reduce the influence of government during his first term? 2. How did the Supreme Court gain the power of judicial review? Identify the territory purchased from France with Jefferson’s authorization. Explain why Jefferson outlawed trade with Great Britain and France in Section Objectives
Jefferson’s expectations for Government: Less intervention in peoples lives Casual approach to office of President (title Mr. President) Reduced taxes on citizens Cut the size of bureaucracy and army Kept Bank of the United States Jefferson’s Domestic Policies
Very popular programs Easily wins second term in 1804 Federalists party dwindling Biggest rivals eliminated Hamilton, Federalist leader, killed in duel with Burr Burr never tried, continued to preside over the Senate, but lost popularity Jefferson’s Presidential Terms
Constitution was vague about role of Judicial branch Judiciary Act of 1789 and 1801 vaguely defined role of judges Jefferson administration: Federal judges not respecting the will of the people Try to block actions of the court Efforts fail Case that established judicial review Marbury v. Madison The Power of Judicial Review
Adams appointed William Marbury justice of the peace for District of Columbia James Madison (Sec. of State) never delivered his official commission Under orders of Jefferson Marbury sued Madison in Supreme Court Never received commission Marbury: court should make Madison give him the job Judiciary Act of 1789 –Court can do this but………….. Marbury v.Madison
Marshall ruled – it’s against the Constitution for the Supreme Court to give an order to the executive branch So: Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional First time federal court “had been so bold.” This established the courts use of judicial review- federal courts review laws and if necessary declare them unconstitutional. Very power tool in today’s judicial system Chief Justice John Marshall
Early 1800’s Jefferson administration-expand into the trans-Appalachian West Land Ordinance of 1785 Survey and sale of Native American land Must be northwest of the Ohio River or Northwest Territory Northwest Ordinance of territories in the west could become states Into the West
Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans to keep Mississippi River open to trade French needed money, so sold all of Louisiana to the United States Jefferson not sure if the purchase was Constitutional Decided best for the country, urged Congress to approve funds and the sale Vastly increased national debt, but doubled size of the United States The Louisiana Purchase
First term, Europe at peace However: Couldn’t keep America out of foreign affairs Too much trade back and forth to isolate the U.S. Under Jay Treaty U.S. traded with Great Britain Expired in 1805 Europe back at war Jefferson’s Foreign Policy
French warships harass American ships trading with Britain British impress American sailors and attack U.S. ships U.S.S. Chesapeake attacked by Leopard British say they are looking for deserters from navy European Harrasment
Jefferson administration outraged by British harassment Congress passed Embargo of 1807 in response Halting commerce/trade with Europe Decided not to use military force U.S. navy too small to attack Decided economic sanctions enough France and Britain unaffected by sanctions- economies too strong We’ve Had Enough!
Most Americans hated embargo New England merchants made living through trade Smugglers defy embargo Jefferson forced to use navy against smugglers; must enforce the law Jefferson’s downfall in office was the embargo Citizens: government must not interfere in their lives Americans Suffer for Jefferson’s Policies
Jefferson left office Was very unpopular at time of retirement James Madison elected as President in 1808 Presidential Minute With James Madison - YouTube Could not make peace with Great Britain (east) or Native Americans (west) This means war! To be continued……………….. After Jefferson’s Presidency