Finding Order in Diversity

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Presentation transcript:

Finding Order in Diversity Chapter 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity

Why are scientific names necessary? I. Taxonomy The science of classifying organisms and assigning them a scientific name. Why are scientific names necessary? 1. Many common names for the same organism depending on regions. 2. Many different languages, which have different names for the same organism.

Ex. This could be: cougar mountain lion puma coguaro ( italian) silberlowe (german) No matter where or what language it is Felis concolor

C. Why Classify? 1. Helps group millions of organisms in logical order 2. Over 2 million species have been classified which is only a fraction of the organisms that are believed to yet be discovered. 3. Estimates range from 2 million to 40 million more organisms yet to be discovered.

Classification of Living Things - YouTube Mistake in video: SOME organisms of different species can produce offspring, BUT they will NOT be fertile!

Kingdom->Phylum->Class->Order->Family->Genus-Species II. History of Taxonomy A. Aristotle and Linneaus orginally grouped organisms into 2 groups- 1. plants 2. animals B. Linneaus- Swedish scientist 1. Developed 7 level classification system. a. Each level is called a taxon. Kingdom->Phylum->Class->Order->Family->Genus-Species 2. Developed Binomial nomenclature-a two word system for assigning EVERY type of organism a scientific name. a. The scientific name is the organisms genus and species.

4. Used Latin- because it was the common language at the time Since the grizzly and polar bear have the same genus (Ursus), they are more closely related to each other than to the Giant Panda. Q:What do you notice about how the scientific names are printed?

Three rules for writing scientific names. 1. Written in italics 2. 1st word (genus) is capitalized 3. 2nd word (species) lower case letters Ex. Homo sapiens ( translated means wise man)

18-3 Kingdoms and Domains

Classification System Used Currently A. Eight levels 1.Domain- 3 domains (broadest) a. Domain Eukarya- (eukaryotic) includes 4 kingdoms a. Protista b.Fungi c. Plants d.Animals b. Domain Bacteria-(prokaryotic)includes Kingdom Eubacteria c. Domain Archae-(prokaryotic) includes Kingdom Archaebacteria *Note: All bacteria used to belong to the same kingdom, Monera 2. Kingdoms- 6 (Plant, animal, protist, fungi, eubacteria, archaebacteria) 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. species- (most specific)

IV. More Important Vocab 1. Autotroph- makes its own food ( Producer) Ex. Plants 2. Heterotroph- dependent on other organisms for food (Consumer) Ex. Fungi, Animals, others 3. Prokaryote- a cell with NO nucleus. All bacteria are prokaryotes-All prokaryotes are bacteria! 4. Eukaryote - a cell WITH a nucleus AND membrane bound organelles. You have eukaryotic cells. Plants, animals, fungi, protists have eukaryotic cells

Crash Course Taxonomy

5. Peptidoglycan- special carbohydrate found in Eubacteria cell walls 6. Cellulose – special carbohydrate found in cell walls of plants and some protists. 7. Chitin- special carbohydrate found in cell walls of fungi.